Homa Asadi
Abstract
This study acoustically examines voice quality parameters in two groups of Persian-speaking men and women. The study aims to assess the ability of voice quality parameters to differentiate Persian speakers and to evaluate the extent to which these parameters capture speaker-specific information. Additionally, ...
Read More
This study acoustically examines voice quality parameters in two groups of Persian-speaking men and women. The study aims to assess the ability of voice quality parameters to differentiate Persian speakers and to evaluate the extent to which these parameters capture speaker-specific information. Additionally, this research seeks to expand existing knowledge in the field of voice quality and address the limited scope of previous studies on Persian. Acoustic data were collected from 20 female and 20 male speakers in a laboratory setting. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze inter-speaker differences, and the Random Forest algorithm was employed to assess feature importance. Six voice quality parameters were selected for analysis: jitter (frequency perturbation), shimmer (amplitude perturbation), harmonic-to-noise ratio (HNR), the ratio of the amplitudes of the first and second harmonics (H1-H2), cepstral peak prominence (CPP), and fundamental frequency (F0). The results demonstrated significant acoustic differences among Persian speakers based on voice quality features, though the discriminative power of these features was not uniform. For male speakers, CPP, HNR, and H1-H2 were identified as the most discriminative features, respectively. For female speakers, F0, CPP, and HNR emerged as the key features for speaker identification. The findings highlight the significant role of voice quality parameters in identifying Persian speakers. However, achieving higher accuracy in speaker recognition systems requires considering gender differences and the relative importance of various variables. Moreover, the limited number of participants may affect the generalizability of the results. Thus, future studies are recommended to include larger and more diverse speaker samples.
Mohammad Amin Naseh; Soraya Razavi
Abstract
Birjandi dialect is one of the dialects of Persian language, which has undergone less evolution compared to other dialects of Khorasan due to its desert location. About Birjand dialect, various researches in the form of books, articles and theses have been done so far. The present study deals with some ...
Read More
Birjandi dialect is one of the dialects of Persian language, which has undergone less evolution compared to other dialects of Khorasan due to its desert location. About Birjand dialect, various researches in the form of books, articles and theses have been done so far. The present study deals with some phonetic, lexical and grammatical considerations in the Sabuhi corpus (early 13th century Hijri), the "Ivanov" dialect research about a century ago, and Diwan Hakim Nizari (7th century Hijri). In this regard, other related old sources including some Fahlavit have also been considered. In this research, by examining the lexical structure of dialect words and terms used in mentioned corpus and discovering some of lexical and phonetic changes, an attempt was made to type these dialect words based on the IPA pattern so that their correct reading is possible. In order to ensure the accuracy of the pronunciation and meaning of the selected words, in the form of a field survey, 10 illiterate native speakers over the age of 70 in both genders who are familiar with the dialect of this city have been consulted. The results of the study, show that the Birjandi dialect has become closer to standard Persian in terms of grammatical and sometimes phonetic features in recent centuries.
sara abbasian; Bahram Modarresi; Mahnaz Karbalaie Sadegh
Abstract
Halle and Marantz first introduced distributed morphology in 1993. In Distributed Morphology, there is no distinction between word and sentence structures. Syntax creates a system of structures composed of morphemes and produces constituents that connect sound and meaning. Independent computations are ...
Read More
Halle and Marantz first introduced distributed morphology in 1993. In Distributed Morphology, there is no distinction between word and sentence structures. Syntax creates a system of structures composed of morphemes and produces constituents that connect sound and meaning. Independent computations are applied to the syntactic output after representation at the phonological and logical relation levels, yielding phonological and semantic representations (Anousheh: 1400: 616).This paper, which uses a descriptive-analytical method, aims to gain a deeper understanding of the reduplication process and, more broadly, the structure of the Persian language within the framework of Distributed Morphology theory. This research examines aspects of types of non-affixed total reduplication according to Shaghaghi's (79) and Rezayati Kishe-Khale et al.'s (94) classification.Accordingly, from each category of complete non-affixed total reduplicated words, cases carrying lexical aspect have been extracted and examined within the Distributed Morphology framework. The analyzed samples show that in forming non-affixed total reduplicated forms, first the roots forming the reduplicated form, after merging with their reduplicated part and moving to the aspect phrase specifier position, check the aspect head features containing continuity and action repetition features through the C-command relationship between the specifier and aspect head.This means that lexical elements combine with each other at the syntax level and create more complex structures, revealing aspect in lexical form which mainly appears as continuous aspect showing the continuity and repetition of action.
Hassan Bashirnezhad
Abstract
Social, economic, political and cultural changes, along with the development of technology and communications in recent years in our country, have led to the tendency of speakers of local and minority languages to the Persian language, and this trend is considered a threat to the survival of minority ...
Read More
Social, economic, political and cultural changes, along with the development of technology and communications in recent years in our country, have led to the tendency of speakers of local and minority languages to the Persian language, and this trend is considered a threat to the survival of minority languages. In the meantime, the linguistic attitude of speakers towards their mother tongue is one of the effective and determining factors in the fate of these languages. This study has examined the linguistic attitudes of speakers towards Mazandarani and Persian in Mazandaran Province, as well as the impact of some social factors such as age, gender and urbanization on these attitudes. The sample population includes 1200 Mazandarani speakers from three age groups, in five cities and twelve rural areas, and from two gender groups: men and women. The findings of the study indicate that many Mazandarani speakers do not believe in the potential and importance of this language, and in general, negative attitudes toward Mazandarani predominate. The analyses also showed that overall, lower age groups have a greater tendency towards Persian, and women are more interested in Persian than men, and urban dwellers are more interested in Persian than rural dwellers. Considering the expansion of urbanization on the one hand, and the role of the younger generation, especially girls as future mothers, in transmitting their native language to the next generation, it can be predicted that Mazandarani is in danger of extinction.
Talieh Mansouri Jozani; Reza Morad Sahraee
Abstract
Grammar instruction presents a significant challenge in second language education. This challenge is particularly evident in teaching Persian grammar to non-native speakers. A crucial question in the field of second language acquisition is understanding the developmental stages that learners progress ...
Read More
Grammar instruction presents a significant challenge in second language education. This challenge is particularly evident in teaching Persian grammar to non-native speakers. A crucial question in the field of second language acquisition is understanding the developmental stages that learners progress through and the underlying reasons. Processability theory, a prominent framework, posits that second language acquisition follows a developmental hierarchy: learners acquire content words, function words, phrases, sentences, and subordinate clauses in a specific order. Given the complexity of Persian grammar, particularly conditional structures, this study aimed to investigate the acquisition sequence of these structures among non-native Persian learners from a processability perspective. By analyzing interviews with 120 learners at varying proficiency levels, we determined the order in which learners acquired different conditional constructions. Our findings revealed a specific acquisition order: learners typically mastered simpler conditional forms before progressing to more complex ones. Based on these results, we propose a pedagogical model for teaching conditional structures, tailored to the specific challenges and developmental stages of non-native Persian learners. This model is grounded in the processability theory, ensuring a systematic and effective approach to instruction.
sedighesadat meghdari; shirin saghi
Abstract
Today,the importance and necessity of translation in improving the intellectual, cultural, scientific, and social lives of humans is no secret to anyone.ُ So in this research, we aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the translation of grammatical metaphors in two translations of the novel ...
Read More
Today,the importance and necessity of translation in improving the intellectual, cultural, scientific, and social lives of humans is no secret to anyone.ُ So in this research, we aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the translation of grammatical metaphors in two translations of the novel "Wuthering Heights" as one of the most notestanding and widely studied novels in alarge number of languages written by Emily Bronte and two translations of it by Reza Rezaei and Noushin Ebrahimi. Halliday and Matthiesen's Functional- Systematic grammar (2004) was as the research theoretical framework. Grammatical metaphor use was studied in the text of the original novel and its two translations. The obtained results show that in the translations of Ebrahimi and Rezaei, less grammatical metaphor is used than the original text of the novel. The comparison of translations also shows that more grammatical metaphors are used in Ebrahimi's translation than in Reza'i's translation.Key words: Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte, grammatical metaphor, Reza Rezaei, Noushin Ebrahimi.
Sasan Maleki; Saman Maleki; Fatemeh Bakhtiari
Abstract
Conceptual metaphors could be used to concretely conceptualize the emotions and metonymies, to show the metonymy-based physiological effects and the behavioral reaction of the emotions. The following descriptive-phenomenological research aims at investigating the two cognitive mechanisms of metaphor ...
Read More
Conceptual metaphors could be used to concretely conceptualize the emotions and metonymies, to show the metonymy-based physiological effects and the behavioral reaction of the emotions. The following descriptive-phenomenological research aims at investigating the two cognitive mechanisms of metaphor and metonymy in conceptualizing the emotion of fear. To this end, students of English Language and Literature at Malayer and Ilam Universities were asked to write about a past experience which caused them fear and describe their experience of fear. Findings showed that 16 metaphorical source domains and 24 metonymy-based physiological and behavioral reactions were used to conceptualize fear. Furthermore, it was found that ENEMY, DEATH, TRIP, HEARING THE SOUNDS and SUBSTANCE were the most frequent metaphorical source domains and COLDNESS, HEARTBEATING, CRYING and INABILITY TO MOVE were the most common bodily experience and behaviors to show the concept of fear. The result, most notably, showed that there were metaphor-metonymy, metaphor-metaphor, metonymy- metaphor and metonymy-metonymy interactions to conceptualize fear in the participants.
Seyyed Mohammad Reza Adel; Fatemeh Akbari
Abstract
This study aimed to examine apology strategies used by Iranian and Russian students learning English as a foreign language (EFL) in both informal and formal contexts, as part of the Cross-Cultural Speech Act Realization Patterns (CCSARP) project. Additionally, the study sought to explore the impact of ...
Read More
This study aimed to examine apology strategies used by Iranian and Russian students learning English as a foreign language (EFL) in both informal and formal contexts, as part of the Cross-Cultural Speech Act Realization Patterns (CCSARP) project. Additionally, the study sought to explore the impact of social distance and social dominance on the frequency of apology strategies and internal intensifiers across Russian, Persian, and English languages. The study included 84 participants who engaged in two role-play apologizing situations, which were then coded according to Blum-Kulka, House, and Kasper's apology taxonomy and analyzed. The results indicated that Persian and Russian EFL learners used more formulaic pragmatic structures compared to English native speakers (ENS), with the most frequent apology semantic formula used in Persian being Illocutionary Force Indicating Devices (IFID) and in Russian being Explanation or account. Moreover, the values assigned to the external context variables affected the frequency of internal intensifiers in different situations. The study's implications for intercultural communication are also discussed.
Reza Ghanbari Abdolmaleki
Abstract
This article aims to conduct a semiotic analysis of the poem The Sound of Water's Footsteps and its impact on a deeper understanding of contemporary Persian literature. The central research question explores how semiotic elements in this poem contribute to interpreting deeper meanings and what relationships ...
Read More
This article aims to conduct a semiotic analysis of the poem The Sound of Water's Footsteps and its impact on a deeper understanding of contemporary Persian literature. The central research question explores how semiotic elements in this poem contribute to interpreting deeper meanings and what relationships exist between signs and human experiences within the text. To address this, Michael Riffaterre's exploratory reading method serves as the primary theoretical framework. The findings reveal that Sohrab Sepehri, by utilizing natural signs and human experiences, establishes a profound and reciprocal connection between humans and nature. This bond is evident not only on the semantic level but also in the underlying layers of the poem. Moreover, by analyzing elements such as colors, sounds, and emotions, this study seeks to provide a clearer understanding of the poem's structure and its connection to everyday life. Ultimately, this research offers a more precise insight into the role of signs in literature and the unique power of Sepehri's poetry in reflecting human experiences, paving the way for further studies in this field.
Yadollah Mansouri
Abstract
This article deals with Iranian jobs and vocations, also artisans and farmers and stockmen and other public workers during the Sasanid period. The three clans or castes related to this period, namely, rulers, armies and the priests are not discussed here.
The data are based on the Pahlavi texts that ...
Read More
This article deals with Iranian jobs and vocations, also artisans and farmers and stockmen and other public workers during the Sasanid period. The three clans or castes related to this period, namely, rulers, armies and the priests are not discussed here.
The data are based on the Pahlavi texts that were written form 3rd to 10th centuries. As far as the writer is aware, until now, except for scattered references to some of them, research work in this field has not been written or published separately and systematically.
The articles and assays published in this field, as mentioned in this article, did not directly refer to accessible Pahlavi texts and were mostly based on historical Persian and Arabic works of the early Islamic period, in other words, the original sources of Middle Persian or Pahlavi were not used much, and these cases refer to scattered examples, mostly to the names and special titles of the fourth class of Sasanian.
The presentation of these materials is important and beneficial from the perspective of historical and social linguistics and the accurate knowledge of the jobs of Iranians during the Sassanid era, and it shows us a suitable model in strengthening the Persian language and word formation and word selection related.
)
