Linguistic typology
Vali Rezai; Tahereh Samenian
Volume 15, Issue 3 , December 2023
Abstract
Lexical typology is related to the specific ways in which languages incorporate meaning into words. In this way, lexical typology, which deals with words, can be considered a sub-branch of semantic typology. Recently, studies in cognitive linguistics have shown how body parts act as a source for conceptualizing ...
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Lexical typology is related to the specific ways in which languages incorporate meaning into words. In this way, lexical typology, which deals with words, can be considered a sub-branch of semantic typology. Recently, studies in cognitive linguistics have shown how body parts act as a source for conceptualizing different experiences such as feeling, thinking, etc., and are represented in different ways in different cultures. Using words that refer to body parts can help us express our feelings more accurately. In this research, we tried to take a look at the lexical typological patterns of the role of bodies names in the expression of emotions of Persian speakers. This research may be considered the first typological collection of the figurative role of bodies names in describing emotions. This comparative-analytical research is based on the studies of linguists in this field. For this purpose, nearly 50 sentences of linguistic evidence were extracted from Persian language database and some written sources and were categorized based on the concept of nouns in expressing emotions. In this research, it was tried to examine the samples based on their role in expressing emotions. The analysis of data has been done on the patterns which were proposed by Ponsonnet, M. & Laginha. K. J. (2020) and the most prevalent bodies names. Moreover, the findings indicate that the words "heart", "eye" and "liver" are used more than other words in Persian language to express feelings; Of course, in order to make an accurate assessment of this opinion, extensive research is needed, combining a culture-specific and cross-cultural approach.
Neurology of the language
Simin Meykadeh; Werner Sommer; seyed a,mir hossien Batouli
Volume 15, Issue 3 , December 2023
Abstract
Bilingualism are associated with structural adaptations of subcortical regions taking part in controlling multiple languages (Korenar, Treffers-Daller and Pliatsikas, 2023). The thalamus is a paired gray matter structure located near the center of the brain, regulating the information transmission to ...
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Bilingualism are associated with structural adaptations of subcortical regions taking part in controlling multiple languages (Korenar, Treffers-Daller and Pliatsikas, 2023). The thalamus is a paired gray matter structure located near the center of the brain, regulating the information transmission to cortical regions. In a recent fMRI study, the sensitivity of the thalamus to grammatical and ungrammatical stimuli has been shown at whole-brain level in the first language (L1) of bilinguals (Meykadeh et al., 2021). Here, we explore the activation patterns of bilateral thalamus in both L1 and L2 using a ROI-based approach. To do so, the percentage of signal change for grammatical and ungrammatical stimuli in L1 and L2 was extracted as the intensity measure per participant. Thirty-six Turkish-Persian bilinguals (21 women) who had acquired their L2 at the age of 7 were selected. Based on the Bilingual Dominance Scale, there was no significant difference between the proficiency level of participants in L1 (Turkish) and L2 (Persian). Participants carried out an auditory grammaticality judgment task in an alternating language switching paradigm while fMRI images were acquired. ROI-based results confirmed the grammaticality effect only in L1 and the left thalamus. Considering that L1 was the dominant language in our study and gave rise to larger reversed language dominance effects, we suggest that the engagement of the thalamus in L1 is not associated with syntactic processing but instead may exert an overall monitoring and control function for language-specific cortical activities.
Critical Discourse Analysis
ahmad sepantamehr; majidreza khazaivafa; ali mandegar
Volume 15, Issue 3 , December 2023
Abstract
Language can be studied from different perspectives, and one of the methods of researching language changes in society is researching cultural resources of society, such as stories, novels, musical productions, and ancient poems and myths. One of the categories of attention of the media, which has taken ...
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Language can be studied from different perspectives, and one of the methods of researching language changes in society is researching cultural resources of society, such as stories, novels, musical productions, and ancient poems and myths. One of the categories of attention of the media, which has taken an important place in the representations, is the category of gender and especially male or female gender representation. The representation of patriarchy has different positive and negative aspects and is different in different cultures, and the way of portraying a man with authority and influence is based on the elements of a culture and his role and position in the same context. The aim of the current research is to study the way patriarchy is represented in a positive way in ancient Persian poetry from the perspective of sociolinguistics. For this purpose, verses that are more clearly related to the topic of research, i.e. language interaction based on gender, have been selected, and by using Barth's three-level semiotic analysis method, the way of representing the male character and specifically the father, as well as the linguistic position of the father Compared to other roles, it has been analyzed from the perspective of sociolinguistics. The obtained results show that in the old poem we witness the representation of men's linguistic control, the father's linguistic superiority over other roles, the absence of dialogue and setting the stage for requests from the focal man (father) as well as genderization in linguistic relations, which Representation is based on patriarchal ideology and discourse in the society, and although it is considered positive, it does not have its place and role in the current society and culture.
Discourse analysis
Sajjad Bagheri; Ali Alizadeh
Volume 15, Issue 3 , December 2023
Abstract
The identity of women and the issues surrounding them are important these days in the global community; but due to some traditions and habits that govern the societies, this part of the society has always been considered as the second class. This way of looking at women's identity has also appeared in ...
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The identity of women and the issues surrounding them are important these days in the global community; but due to some traditions and habits that govern the societies, this part of the society has always been considered as the second class. This way of looking at women's identity has also appeared in fiction. Since the discourse analysis emphasizes the principle that the way of creating each discourse is rooted in the viewpoint and opinion of the creator of that discourse and the social conditions and beliefs of that period. In this thesis, considering the principles of Van Dijk's ideological square, the threefold function of discourse, as well as the discourse strategies used by the authors, the novels analyzed and examine at the levels of semantic, description, style, and reasoning. This research has been done on four famous Persian novels. The novels "Soovashoon" by Daneshvar, "I will turn off the lights" by Pirzad, "year of riot" by Maroufi., "Ahu Khanum’s husband" by Afghan. This research is of a qualitative type and is done in a descriptive-analytical way. In this research, according to the principles and common concepts in Van Dijk’s discourse analysis, and also through the examination of dialogues, presuppositions, description, interpretation, arguments and other discourse concepts, the formation of the identity of women in different social classes in the role of mother and wife and their efforts to prove their identity are shown, and as a result, three factors, including social behavior, educational behavior, and awareness raising as the main factors of representing woman's identity, flourish her independent identity.
Discourse analysis
ghaderiTape Rasht Salim; Naser hosini; Ardashir Sadraddini
Volume 15, Issue 3 , December 2023
Abstract
Cognitive linguistics, as one of the main branches of cognitive science, is an approach that looks at language as a tool to discover the structure of the human cognitive system. Cognitive semantics, as one of the basic fields of cognitive linguistics, has various theories such as image schemas, conceptual ...
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Cognitive linguistics, as one of the main branches of cognitive science, is an approach that looks at language as a tool to discover the structure of the human cognitive system. Cognitive semantics, as one of the basic fields of cognitive linguistics, has various theories such as image schemas, conceptual fusion, mental spaces, permission and metaphor.The trend of contemporary Arab and Iranian poets towards the romantic school is considered the starting point of the transformation in contemporary poetry, and the romantics are one of the leading groups whose efforts started the transformation of Arabic and Persian literature as well as its synchronization with the new era. Although the number of these groups was small at the beginning and they mostly considered changes in the meaning of poetry, but it didn't take long for their number to increase and in a short period of time, they changed the content and structure of contemporary Arabic and Persian poetry. This influence was so wide that between the two world wars, the most prominent Arab and Farsi-speaking poets who created universal works are followers of the romantic school.The connection between the world's social disorders and sadness, which is one of the main themes of romantic poetry, is one of the factors of the expansion and permanence of this deep influence. Thus, in the present research, an attempt is made to "comparative study of linguistic romanticism in the poems of Ansi al-Haj and Hoshang Ebtahaj". In this passage, the concepts of cognitive linguistics and comparative criticism are used.
Discourse analysis
Mohsen Azarpira; HamidReza Ardestani Rostami; Nasrollah Emami; Masoud Kheradmandpour
Volume 15, Issue 3 , December 2023
Abstract
Archetype is one of the fundamental terms in Jung's psychology and is located in the individual and collective unconscious of mankind. One of the main manifestations of the human unconscious is art and literature. In the ancient Persian poetry, especially the epic poems Bahmannameh and Farammarznameh, ...
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Archetype is one of the fundamental terms in Jung's psychology and is located in the individual and collective unconscious of mankind. One of the main manifestations of the human unconscious is art and literature. In the ancient Persian poetry, especially the epic poems Bahmannameh and Farammarznameh, archetypes such as Pir Dana have been reflected for the realization of specific purposes or goals, which have been investigated in the present research by referring to library sources and descriptive-analytical method.This research is written in the field of epic literature and using Jung's psychology. For this purpose, the dreams mentioned in these two systems have been taken into consideration. The archetypal criticism of the mentioned works led to the discovery of the nature, characteristics and role of myths in the poetic worldview of the creators of the work. In a general view, it can be said that Pir Dana appears in the world of dreams as a vague character (like a bird) to the kings and heroes of the epic poems Bahman-nameh and Faramaraznameh and gives the road map to heroes such as Bahman, Rostam, Gershasab, Feridun, Kay Khosrow and Siavash shows that in this regard, we can refer to the dream of Shah Soor (the marriage of Bahman with Ketayun).Also, sometimes Jamasb and Zal in the role of wise old man, in the world of sleep and wakefulness (familiar and obvious character), interprets the dreams of these famous warriors and separates the head from the nose; Therefore, Pir Dana has a familiar and vague identity. All in all, Pir Dana has had merciful, favorable and direct effects on the biases of the action of kings and heroes and changing the course of the epic.
Critical Discourse Analysis
Reza Ghanbari Abdolmaleki; Shahrbanou Ghorban Abdolmalaki
Volume 15, Issue 3 , December 2023
Abstract
The current research seeks to examine the discursive strategies employed by James Morier in the transformation and representation of Oriental-Iranian life, adopting Theon VanDijk's theory and critical approach. To do so, by examining Haji Baba Esfahani’s biography novel, the authors attempt to ...
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The current research seeks to examine the discursive strategies employed by James Morier in the transformation and representation of Oriental-Iranian life, adopting Theon VanDijk's theory and critical approach. To do so, by examining Haji Baba Esfahani’s biography novel, the authors attempt to answer the following research questions: 1) How did Morier's ideology affect his speech? 2) How are the identity and life of the Eastern-Iranian represented in the speech of this Western and Christian writer? 3) What are the most practical methods and strategies to identify Morier's ideology in the text of the novel? To this end, the authors have critically examined the role of these representations in the production processes of colonial discourse. The data have been gathered from libraries, and the research methodology is descriptive-analytical. The findings demonstrate that Morier's discourse contains representations of the East as it has been conceived by Western Orientalists, which is seen as "other" in their ideology and connected to racism. On the basis of this ideology, Morier has attempted to present an unpleasant picture of Iranian society during the Qajar era by changing the negative image and giving himself identity by attributing negative traits to Iranians. It is important to note that ideological structures are expressed in several ways in the novel's discourse in terms of "meaning," "formal structures," and "rhetoric."
Critical Discourse Analysis
gholamhossein khalilpour; shahpour shaholi koheshory; Seyed Ali Sohrabnejad
Volume 15, Issue 3 , December 2023
Abstract
So far, various theories have been proposed in various scientific branches about the category of personality, among which are the opinions of Jane Shinoda Bullen. With an archetypal approach and considering Greek myths, he has represented new dimensions of each character based on their attributes. Bolen's ...
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So far, various theories have been proposed in various scientific branches about the category of personality, among which are the opinions of Jane Shinoda Bullen. With an archetypal approach and considering Greek myths, he has represented new dimensions of each character based on their attributes. Bolen's comments have a favorable effect in providing a new reading of fictional texts and the characters present in them. Based on this credit, in the current research, citing library sources and descriptive-analytical method, the personalities of the group of one was one was not one was not by Mohammad Ali Jamalzadeh based on Shinoda Bullen's archetypal views have been examined. Here, the archetypal characteristics of the personalities are considered with regard to their actions and psychological functioning, which can reveal the hidden layers of the personalities. The results of the research show that the influence of the archetypes of Hades, Zeus, Hephaestus, Dionysus and Hermes have been in the inner and outer world of personalities, and the result of this influence has been sometimes positive and sometimes negative. This shows Jamalzadeh's belief in the grayness of human personality and removing the dust of absolutism (good or bad) in dealing with others. Also, it was found that Sheikh Jafar has the most complex personality in the story of the political man, who has signs of the archetypes of Zeus (desire for power), Hermes (trickster and messenger), Hephaestus (inner dissatisfaction, weakness in political skills, etc.) It can be seen in his actions, words and thoughts. Other characters are created and processed quite simply and predictably.
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