Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Assistant Professor of Linguistics, Department of English Language and Literature, Faculty of Humanities, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
2 Medical Student, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
3 Phd Candidate in TEFL, Department of English Language,Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
Abstract
Conceptual metaphors could be used to concretely conceptualize the emotions and metonymies, to show the metonymy-based physiological effects and the behavioral reaction of the emotions. The following descriptive-phenomenological research aims at investigating the two cognitive mechanisms of metaphor and metonymy in conceptualizing the emotion of fear. To this end, students of English Language and Literature at Malayer and Ilam Universities were asked to write about a past experience which caused them fear and describe their experience of fear. Findings showed that 16 metaphorical source domains and 24 metonymy-based physiological and behavioral reactions were used to conceptualize fear. Furthermore, it was found that ENEMY, DEATH, TRIP, HEARING THE SOUNDS and SUBSTANCE were the most frequent metaphorical source domains and COLDNESS, HEARTBEATING, CRYING and INABILITY TO MOVE were the most common bodily experience and behaviors to show the concept of fear. The result, most notably, showed that there were metaphor-metonymy, metaphor-metaphor, metonymy- metaphor and metonymy-metonymy interactions to conceptualize fear in the participants.
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