نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه زبان‌شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

2 کارشناس ارشد زبان‌شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

ترمیم گفتار به­ عنوان یکی از مهم­ترین ابزارهای حفظ مکالمه و جلوگیری از شکست ارتباط، می­تواند عامل مؤثری در ارتباطات و مکالمات روزمره به­حساب آید. در این میان، جنسیت به­عنوان یکی از عوامل دخیل در پدیده­های زبان­شناسی اجتماعی می­تواند باعث ایجاد تفاوت در میزان و نحوه استفاده گویشوران از این ابزار شود. پژوهش حاضر، به بررسی و مقایسه میزان کاربرد ترمیم و پراکندگی انواع راهبردهای آن در دو گروه زنان و مردان فارسی­زبان براساس طبقه­بندی­های شگلاف و همکاران (1977) و فاکس و یسپرسن (1995) می­پردازد. نتایج حاکی از آن است که به­طور کلی، زنان به­طرز معناداری بیشتر از مردان از ترمیم استفاده می‌کنند. اما جالب این است که با وجود این که دو گروه از نظر ترتیب پراکندگی انواع چهارگانه ترمیم الگوی مشابهی را نشان می­دهند و خودترمیم خودآغاز در هر دو گروه بیشترین و دگرترمیم خودآغاز کمترین بسامد را دارد، در عین حال، درصد کاربرد  خودترمیم دگرآغاز در گفتار مردان دو برابر گفتار زنان است. به­علاوه، با توجه به نتایج تحلیل داده­ها بر اساس طبقه ­بندی فاکس و یسپرسن، در هر دو گروه زنان و مردان استفاده از راهبردهای «تکرار عبارت» و «رها کردن یک ساختار و آغاز ساختار جدید» به ترتیب کمترین و بیشترین بسامد را داشته ­اند و نیز هر دو مورد در گفتار زنان نسبت به گفتار مردان بسامد بیشتری داشته­ اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Comparison of the Application of Different Types of Repair in the Speech of Persian-Speaking Men & Women in Live TV Shows

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Mohammad Hosseini-Maasoum 1
  • Maliheh Hajian Nezhad, 2

1 Associate Professor, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

2 M.A. in Linguistics, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Speech repair, also called conversational repair, as one of the most important instruments for the maintenance of the conversation and preventing communication breach, can be an effective factor in daily conversations and relations. Here, gender, as a sociolinguistic factor, can cause differences in the frequency and manner of using this instrument by speakers. The present study compares Persian-Speaking men and women in using repair in their conversations, as well as the distribution of different types and strategies of repairs. Schegloff’s classification of repair types (1977) and Fox & Jasperson’s (1995) classification of repair strategies were used. The results indicate that, in general, women tend to use significantly more repairs than men do. Although both groups showed a similar pattern of ranking in the frequency of repair types and in both of them self-initiated self-repair had the highest frequency and self-initiated other-repair the lowest frequency, in the meantime, two types of repairs in women had frequencies twice those in men. Moreover, the analysis of the data by means of Fox & Jasperson’s sevenfold classification of repair strategies showed that in both men and women’s speech, “recycle word” was the most frequently used strategy and “aborting syntactic stream and starting new structure” was the least frequently used one while in both strategies, the percentage of use as higher in women’s speech compared to that of men.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Conversation
  • Repair
  • Schegloff’s Classification of Repair Types
  • Fox & Jasperson’s Classification of Repair Strategies
  • Gender
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