زبان و مراقبت: بررسی کیفی ادراکی زبان‌آموزان ایرانی بر اساس نظریه مراقبت نادینگز و لوگ‌استروپ

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• سحر ملکیان ¹
• سید محمد رضا عادل ²
• محمد داودی ²
• سعید غنی‌آبادی ³

¹ دانشجوی دکتری آموزش زبان انگلیسی، گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران

² دانشیار آموزش زبان انگلیسی، گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران

³ استادیار زبان‌شناسی، گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jlkd.2024.90210.1279

چکیده

هدف اصلی این مطالعه کیفی، بررسی روابط میان معلمان و زبان‌آموزان بر اساس نظریه مراقبت نادینگز (1988) و لوگ‌استروپ (1997) است. در این پژوهش، مفهوم مراقبت با جنبه‌های زبان‌شناختی چون تعامل زبانی و انتقال معنایی بررسی شده است، که از طریق آن‌ها رابطۀ مراقبتی میان معلم و دانش‌آموز ایجاد می‌شود. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها، با ده زبان‌آموز در مدارس مصاحبه انجام شد. سپس داده‌ها با استفاده از مراحل کدگذاری نظریه داده‌بنیاد[1] (کربین و استراس^[2]، 1990) و نرم‌افزار مکس‌کیودا نسخه 24 تحلیل گردید. در این تحقیق، 22 کد فرعی و چهار کد اصلی شناسایی شد و مدل نظری جدیدی برای رابطه مراقبتی معلم-دانش‌آموز ارائه گردید. مقوله‌های اصلی این رابطه شامل ارتباط و تعامل، شیوه‌های آموزشی، درک و حمایت، و ویژگی‌های فردی معلمان بود. همچنین، مقوله‌های فرعی شامل احترام، رابطه متقابل، توجه فردی، گوش دادن با حوصله به دانش‌آموزان، گفت‌وگو با دانش‌آموزان، سواد رابطه‌ای، شجاعت معلم در آغاز ارتباط مراقبتی، صداقت، دلسوزی، تشویق، جذب کامل، جابجایی انگیزشی، حمایت احساسی، ارتباط بر پایه اعتماد، محیط حمایتی، استفاده از روش‌های آموزشی مناسب، در دسترس بودن معلم، تعامل دانش‌آموزان، انتظارات واقع‌گرایانه از دانش‌آموزان، پاسخ‌دهی، و ایجاد سرگرمی و طنز بودند. این تحقیق درنهایت نشان می‌دهد که چگونه ویژگی‌های روانشناسی زبان و زبانشناسی کاربردی می‌توانند نقش مهمی در درک و تقویت ارتباطات آموزشی داشته باشند. یافته‌های این مطالعه با توجه به دیدگاه روانشناسی به چندین پیامد آموزشی برای سیاست‌گذاران آموزشی، معلمان و زبان‌آموزان اشاره دارد تا مفهوم «مراقبت» را بهتر بشناسند و به‌کارگیرند و این امر به رشد حرفه‌ای معلمان و بهبود آموزشی دانش‌آموزان کمک خواهد کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• مراقبت
• روابط مراقبتی معلم-دانش‌آموز
• ادراک
• نظریه داده بنیاد
• نرم‌افزار مکس کیودا

موضوعات

• روان شناسی زبان

عنوان مقاله [English]

Language and Care: A Qualitative Study of Iranian Language Learners' Perceptions based on Noddings' and Logstrup’s Care Theory

نویسندگان [English]

• Sahar Mmalekian ¹
• Seyyed Mohammad Reza Adel ²
• Mohammad Davoudi ²
• Saeed Ghaniabadi ³

¹ PhD Candidate in TEFL, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran

² Associate Professor in TEFL, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran

³ Assistant Professor of Linguistics, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran

چکیده [English]

The primary aim of this qualitative study was to explore the relationships between teachers and language learners based on Noddings' (1998) and Logstrup’s (1997) care theory, focusing on the perceptions of Iranian language learners in public schools. Data were collected through interviews with ten language learners in these schools. The data were then analyzed using the coding stages of grounded theory (Corbin & Strauss, 1990) and MAXQDA software version 24. In this research, 22 sub-codes and four main codes were identified, leading to the development of a new theoretical model for the teacher-student care relationship. The main categories of this relationship included communication and interaction, teaching methods, understanding and support, and individual characteristics of teachers. Additionally, the subcategories encompassed: respect, reciprocal relationships, individual attention, patient listening to students, dialogue with students, relational literacy, teacher courage in initiating care relationships, honesty, compassion, encouragement, full engagement, motivational shifts, emotional support, trust-based communication, supportive environments, appropriate teaching methods, teacher availability, student interaction, realistic expectations from students, responsiveness, and the incorporation of fun and humor. The results suggests several educational implications for policymakers, teachers, and language learners from a psychological perspective, aiming to enhance their understanding and application of the concept of ‘care,’ which will contribute to teachers' professional growth and improve students' educational outcomes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Caring
• Teacher-student Caring Relationships
• Perception
• Grounded Theory Methodology
• MAXQDA Software

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