mohammad javad Hadizadeh; Mohammad javad Mahdavy; rezamorad sahraee; ali alizadeh
Volume 11, Issue 2 , June 2020, Pages 1-24
Abstract
Task-based learning method is considered as one of the successful methods in communicative language teaching, which possess the advantages of teamwork and class interaction along with the positive components of attention to the grammatical forms. Although, few independent studies have been conducted ...
Read More
Task-based learning method is considered as one of the successful methods in communicative language teaching, which possess the advantages of teamwork and class interaction along with the positive components of attention to the grammatical forms. Although, few independent studies have been conducted on the task-based method in Persian language; numerous studies have been done on the impact of the task-based method in English language. After stating the significance of the task-based method, by selecting three types of the most common tasks in text books relating to teaching Persian language grammar to speakers of other languages(short composition, editing task and spot the differences)and registering the interactions between sixteen Persian language learners in Saadi Foundation through studying the language related episodes and meta-talks of each of them while performing these tasks in a group, the current study attempts to examine these tasks effects on drawing the language learners' attention to the grammatical forms; and then it presents a resultant from the practical application of task-based method in classroom and its advantages. Results show that performing the tasks in teamwork has obviously a positive effect on improving the grammatical ability of the language learners; the positive or negative feedback that the learners provide in their interactions are constructive in most cases; it leads to a correct decision-making, and the learners are more dominant on the grammatical categories that they learn in form of a task. Among the various types of task, editing task is the most suitable choice for teaching grammar due to having the redesigning capability for paying attention to various grammatical forms and a more specific reflection of the target grammatical categories on it.
Mohsen Roudmajani; Behzad Ghonsoli; ehsan ghabol
Volume 11, Issue 2 , June 2020, Pages 25-54
Abstract
There is no doubt that listening ability is very important in an academic environment. This ability is needed in most of students’ daily activities. That is why assessing listening constitutes a major part of Language proficiency tests such as Ferdowsi University. This exam is held in Iran and ...
Read More
There is no doubt that listening ability is very important in an academic environment. This ability is needed in most of students’ daily activities. That is why assessing listening constitutes a major part of Language proficiency tests such as Ferdowsi University. This exam is held in Iran and Iraq to assess language knowledge of non-Persian speaker who want to enter Iranian Universities. In this research we analyzed the listening part of this exam with Rasch model. The result show that the reliability is 0.66 which is low for a high stake test. Also the wright map indicated the exam items are mostly appropriate for elementary or intermediate students. As most of test items’ type of match are locating and cycling, it is suggested to include more integrative and generative items which can make the test more difficult. Generally speaking the exam mostly assess the ability to detect key vocabulary and understanding details while understanding communicative function of utterances, making inferences about relationship among ideas, integrating information from listening and reading texts are abilities that can improve test difficulty.
Elnaz Eghbali; Shahla Sharifi
Volume 11, Issue 2 , June 2020, Pages 55-84
Abstract
Auditory memory plays an important role in developing language skills. The aim of the present study was to assess auditory verbal memory performance of 25-30 year old educated men and women using the Persian version of the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). This descriptive, cross-sectional study ...
Read More
Auditory memory plays an important role in developing language skills. The aim of the present study was to assess auditory verbal memory performance of 25-30 year old educated men and women using the Persian version of the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on sixty 25-30 year old healthy adults (30 men and 30 women) and different aspects of memory, like immediate recall, delayed recall, recognition, learning rate, forgetting rate, proactive and retroactive interference and primacy and recency effects, were assessed. Results indicated that the women's performance was generally higher than that of the men in first, third, fourth and sixth of RAVLT and also total learning. In other trials and composite scores, gender was not a significant factor. In addition, findings showed that the auditory-verbal memory performance and learning of both groups was similar to the performance of the same population in other countries.
Fahime Khodaverdi
Volume 11, Issue 2 , June 2020, Pages 85-113
Abstract
Glottal stop occurrence was investigated in 46 simple and compound words with 2-3 repetitions in the speech of 5 male speakers of Persian of Tehran, Kerman, Yazd, Esfahan and Khorasan (Sabzevar) and statistical results based on acoustic observations were obtained. Findings showed that totally in the ...
Read More
Glottal stop occurrence was investigated in 46 simple and compound words with 2-3 repetitions in the speech of 5 male speakers of Persian of Tehran, Kerman, Yazd, Esfahan and Khorasan (Sabzevar) and statistical results based on acoustic observations were obtained. Findings showed that totally in the five varieties, the consonant appears as true closure or creaky voice, mostly word initially after pause, while in other positions compensatory lengthening, resyllabification or vowel hiatus are possible after its deletion. This phonetic variation is parallel with laryngeal phonation states and compatible with Persian phonological constraints whose rankings in the framework of Optimality Theory can account for the possibility of the consonant pronunciation as a phonetic unit of Persian language.
Ava Imani; adel rafiei
Volume 11, Issue 2 , June 2020, Pages 115-140
Abstract
This paper aims at examining the construction of two word-formation patterns [cheshm-X] and [X-cheshm] (compounds of “eye”) and investigating their semantic variations, the most general schema and their subschemas in Persian based on Construction Morphology approach (Booij, 2010). The method ...
Read More
This paper aims at examining the construction of two word-formation patterns [cheshm-X] and [X-cheshm] (compounds of “eye”) and investigating their semantic variations, the most general schema and their subschemas in Persian based on Construction Morphology approach (Booij, 2010). The method of research is descriptive-analytic in nature and the data consist of 84 compound words collected from Bijankhan Corpus, Dehkhoda and Zansoo Dictionaries and Google. The research hypothesis was that a general constructional schema and several subschemas have command of the construction of “cheshm” compounds, and the concept of ‘distinctive feature of an entity related to SEM eye and X’ is the most abstract pairing of form-meaning understood from both word-formation patterns. The results showed that the meaning of the constituents and their relationship, encyclopedic knowledge, context, as well as the conceptual metaphor and metonymy play a significant role in determining the meaning of compounds. Finally, the research hypothesis, the existence of independent subschemas and the hierarchical construction in the mentioned word-formation patterns was rejected, because compounds of “cheshm” are considered only as instances of objective instantiations derived from the most abstract constructional schemas of compounding, namely [N-X]A, [X-N]A and [N-N]N, and not derived from the word-formation subschemas consisting of "cheshm".
ali Alizadeh; abolghasem ghavam; Elham Akhlaghi Baghoojari
Volume 11, Issue 2 , June 2020, Pages 141-160
Abstract
Training specialized human resource, their employment and using their proficiency, are the main concern of higher educational system. But sometimes there is not balance between the number of alumnus and their suitable job or alumnus aren’t trained as it should be.so, it’s universities’ ...
Read More
Training specialized human resource, their employment and using their proficiency, are the main concern of higher educational system. But sometimes there is not balance between the number of alumnus and their suitable job or alumnus aren’t trained as it should be.so, it’s universities’ duty to follow up and explore their educational adequacy and quality. This article assessed the situation of alumnus of Linguistics educational group of Ferdowsi university of Mashhad during a decade (2007-2017). For the first step, employed alumnus was detected, then for telephone interview, 30 persons were selected among them by accident. In addition, a researcher made questionnaire was used to survey the professors of Linguistics department of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Based on the results 83 percent of alumnus had job. This result put Linguistics educational group in a good situation among other fields of study. Most of the people had chosen their major consciously. There wasn’t a meaningful difference between sex of participants and the amount of employment. Relation between job and field of study was 80 percent, but relation between subjects of theses and employment was 33 and just 53 percent of participants declared that their jobs are in accordance with the content of their subjects. Results of professors’ questionnaire showed that they are not pleasant with the current situation and believe that it is necessary to have some changes in taking students. Organizing students’ theses in more practical issues, is so essential too.
zahra salari; Ali Khazaei Farid
Volume 11, Issue 2 , June 2020, Pages 161-180
Abstract
Translation of dubbing is a process that requires a high level of knowledge in the source and target languages. In this process, the translator faces so many challenges, one of which is the translation of presupposition. In order for a film to be comprehensible and enjoyable, it is essential for the ...
Read More
Translation of dubbing is a process that requires a high level of knowledge in the source and target languages. In this process, the translator faces so many challenges, one of which is the translation of presupposition. In order for a film to be comprehensible and enjoyable, it is essential for the translator to have a good level of knowledge in this aspect of pragmatic dimension. The present research tries to investigate the translation of presupposition in four dubbed films (Notting Hill, The Bucket list, The ultimate gift, and Still Alice) which are originally in English and were dubbed into Persian. To this end, the differences between original films and their dubbed versions, based on their presuppositions, are determined. Then, the translation strategies that were applied by the translators are specified.
Seyed Mahmoud Motesharrei; Fatemeh Yousefi Rad
Volume 11, Issue 2 , June 2020, Pages 181-201
Abstract
The present paper aimed at investigating the polysemy of the Persian word Topol from the perspective of cognitive sociolinguistics. The study begins with introducing the tenets of cognitive sociolinguistics, and then goes on to investigate the polysemy of the Persian adjective topol within this framework. ...
Read More
The present paper aimed at investigating the polysemy of the Persian word Topol from the perspective of cognitive sociolinguistics. The study begins with introducing the tenets of cognitive sociolinguistics, and then goes on to investigate the polysemy of the Persian adjective topol within this framework. In cognitive sociolinguistics, it is believed that polysemy cannot be reduced to a static state, one and the same for all speakers of a language. Rather, social variables like age and gender of speakers affect the way they perceive different senses of the polysemous words. This paper, in line with cognitive sociolinguistic studies on polysemy employed advanced statistical methods of Logistic Regression and Cross Tab to study the polysemy of Persian adjective Topol. The data were gathered through library research (including Persian dictionaries), interviews, and questionnaires. The research method employed is mixed, that is, qualitative and quantitative. The data were gathered from 200 participants, 100 male and 100 females, in four different age groups. The main hypothesis was that the “mere” cognitive approach is not adequate enough to explain lexical polysemy. The results indicate that cognitive sociolinguistics is indeed more adequate in giving more exact explanations concerning meaning variation in polysemous words and the effect of social variables of age and gender on the number and salience of each sense. In other words, the results show that different senses of the polysemous words do not suggest the same distribution among different speakers, both male and female, belonging to different age groups, and is not accidental but explainable in terms of age and gender of the speakers.
hengameh vaezi; Malahat Roshanzamir
Volume 11, Issue 2 , June 2020, Pages 202-230
Abstract
Advertising , as one of the most important tools for interaction, has used a special strategy named euphemism. This paper examines the euphemism strategies in Persian language media on the base of Crespo Fernandez's (2005) Framework.The purpose is to know what kind of euphemism discourse strategies have ...
Read More
Advertising , as one of the most important tools for interaction, has used a special strategy named euphemism. This paper examines the euphemism strategies in Persian language media on the base of Crespo Fernandez's (2005) Framework.The purpose is to know what kind of euphemism discourse strategies have been used in media advertisements to change the emotional expression of the words, phrases and sentences from negative to the positive form to the audience attention. Then, it has been intended to identify other euphemism strategies specified in Advertising which have not been determined before. Data were gathered from T.V. , radio, internet and billboards which have been discussed on the base of descriptive-analytical method. the analysis of the analysed data (71 out of 125) shows 12 common strategies have been used in advertisements which are as follows: using lexical substitution, connotations, downtoning adverbs (quantity, quality, request and reducing phrases), impersonalization, fine making techniques, negative structures, interrogative sentences, declarative sentences, hedging model verbs, first person in (interrogative, declarative, imperative) sentences, compounds sentences and fined imperative sentences. Among strategies mentioned the last three ones have not introduced and discussed before. Those are finding of this research in media advertisements. All of the above strategies mentioned can be classified into five classes; substitution, Addition of downtoning elements, changing the structure, connotations and changing the paradigms. The important point is that there is no clear borderline among them; In some data, a combination of different strategies has been used at the same time to make a pattern of euphemism and some kind of overlapping has been observed.
ROZITA Ranjbar; Bahram modarresi
Volume 11, Issue 2 , June 2020, Pages 231-254
Abstract
Abstract Phase Theory has been proposed as the latest achievement of the minimalist program to optimize syntactic computation of language. Chomsky believes that the derivation of linguistic constructions follows one-phase performance to reduce the memory computing burden. At the end of each phase, part ...
Read More
Abstract Phase Theory has been proposed as the latest achievement of the minimalist program to optimize syntactic computation of language. Chomsky believes that the derivation of linguistic constructions follows one-phase performance to reduce the memory computing burden. At the end of each phase, part of the syntactic structure already formed undergoes the transfer to the phonological and semantic componant , with the result that the relevant part of the structure is inaccessible to further syntactic operations formed in that stage of derivation. Many linguists believe that syntactic operations of Merge and Agreement follow the phase impenetrability condition. Since pronominal clitics systems have often been extensively adapted to the Agreement system throughout history, studying the Agreement operation in a language requires studying the clitic hosts. In this paper, by examinig the Ardalani Kurdish language data and describing and theoretically analyzing the clitic hosts, we will show that the explanation of clitic agreement in Ardalani kurdish is related to the principle of phase impenetrability condition.
Reza Kazemian; Mohammad Amouzadeh
Volume 11, Issue 2 , June 2020, Pages 255-280
Abstract
The study of parentheticals in Persian can still be regarded as an unexplored area of investigation. Persian Parentheticals can be divided into different types; one of them is va-parenthetical. This paper is set forth to study væ-parentheitcal clauses. It opens with a discussion on their typical ...
Read More
The study of parentheticals in Persian can still be regarded as an unexplored area of investigation. Persian Parentheticals can be divided into different types; one of them is va-parenthetical. This paper is set forth to study væ-parentheitcal clauses. It opens with a discussion on their typical places of interpolation and their mobile nature. It then continues with the discussion on their general characteristics, namely, omissibility, ellipsis-licensed, and remaining beyond the scope of subordinators. The available data confirm that except ellipsis-licensed feature, all other noted characteristics could be true in case of væ-parentheitcals. This study also reveals that væ-parentheitcals can be interpolated in three different positions (beginning, middle and final). This paper follows a moderate approach, a way between the integrated and the unintegrated approaches, to study væ-parentheitcals. In this vein, it mainly adopts Kavalova’s model (2007) to study væ-parentheitcals. Finally, in spite of quite similar features between væ-parentheitcals and væ discourse marker, some distinctions are made between them. This study argues that by taking some modifications, Kavalova’s model (2007) is quite appropriate to analyze Persian data. The Persian examples illustrated in this study are derived from both written and spoken corpora. It draws on written data from Persian Talk Bank, and the spoken data are collected by authors from some TV round table programs.
Masoud dehghan
Volume 11, Issue 2 , June 2020, Pages 281-307
Abstract
Motion is an event and mental schema that one experiences from birth and has a universal meaning. This study aimed at investigating the motion event in Kalhori Kurdish dialect based on the Talmy's Lexicalized Patterns Model. To this end, the typological position of Kalhori Kurdish was examined and analyzed ...
Read More
Motion is an event and mental schema that one experiences from birth and has a universal meaning. This study aimed at investigating the motion event in Kalhori Kurdish dialect based on the Talmy's Lexicalized Patterns Model. To this end, the typological position of Kalhori Kurdish was examined and analyzed based on lexicalized patterns. The study is a descriptive-analytic study. One hundred and thirty motive verbs were collected through interview with Kurdish speakers. The authenticity of the verbs was confirmed by native speakers. The results showed that Kalhori Kurdish uses six conflation patterns, among which the patterns of Motion+Path and Motion+Co-Event have the most applied frequencies, and the other patterns used in this dialect, respectively, the pattern of motion, pattern of Motion+Co-Event+Figure, pattern of Motion+Path+Figure, pattern of Motion+Path+Co-Event have from the lowest to highest frequencies among the patterns. The results also indicate that in this Kurdish dialect, the current construction of verbs, both simple and non-simple, does not follow Talmy's Dual Typology, but the motive verbs in this dialect are both path like and manner like a way that it is part of equipollently-framed language.
