Word construction
sara abbasian; Bahram Modarresi; Mahnaz Karbalaie Sadegh
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 07 January 2025
Abstract
Halle and Marantz first introduced distributed morphology in 1993. In Distributed Morphology, there is no distinction between word and sentence structures. Syntax creates a system of structures composed of morphemes and produces constituents that connect sound and meaning. Independent computations are ...
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Halle and Marantz first introduced distributed morphology in 1993. In Distributed Morphology, there is no distinction between word and sentence structures. Syntax creates a system of structures composed of morphemes and produces constituents that connect sound and meaning. Independent computations are applied to the syntactic output after representation at the phonological and logical relation levels, yielding phonological and semantic representations (Anousheh: 1400: 616).
This paper, which uses a descriptive-analytical method, aims to gain a deeper understanding of the reduplication process and, more broadly, the structure of the Persian language within the framework of Distributed Morphology theory. This research examines aspects of types of non-affixed total reduplication according to Shaghaghi's (79) and Rezayati Kishe-Khale et al.'s (94) classification.
Accordingly, from each category of complete non-affixed total reduplicated words, cases carrying lexical aspect have been extracted and examined within the Distributed Morphology framework. The analyzed samples show that in forming non-affixed total reduplicated forms, first the roots forming the reduplicated form, after merging with their reduplicated part and moving to the aspect phrase specifier position, check the aspect head features containing continuity and action repetition features through the C-command relationship between the specifier and aspect head.
This means that lexical elements combine with each other at the syntax level and create more complex structures, revealing aspect in lexical form which mainly appears as continuous aspect showing the continuity and repetition of action.
Word construction
Mehdi Mohammadinia; Sima Nabipour; Ahmad Mojavezi
Volume 16, Issue 3 , December 2024, , Pages 139-158
Abstract
This case study explored the equivalents found in the biology textbook in Iranian context. It tried to measure the acceptability of the specialized words equivalent in Persian language in the biology textbooks of the first and second grades of high school. It was tried to focus on the equivalents approved ...
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This case study explored the equivalents found in the biology textbook in Iranian context. It tried to measure the acceptability of the specialized words equivalent in Persian language in the biology textbooks of the first and second grades of high school. It was tried to focus on the equivalents approved by the Academy of Persian Language and Literature, based on the criteria of word formation and word selection. The method was mixed-method, i.e., qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative method, a closed attitude questionnaire was given to 50 students individually, and in the quantitative stage, the data were expressed with statistical analysis to determine the impact of the equivalent words on the process of learning and teaching materials. The results showed a significant difference in the construction of the found equivalent vocabulary. That is, students with the same specialized Latin terms and vocabulary can better conceptualize the meaning of the words and teachers have more mastery in teaching vocabulary and specialized terms. For this reason, the words divided into three categories (familiar, relatively familiar and unfamiliar) and the students' opinions about all the equivalent words were analyzed and the result was negative. The opinion of the students indicated that the provided equivalents are not suitable for unfamiliar words. But the equivalents presented for familiar and relatively familiar words are more appropriate in their opinion.
Word construction
Fatemeh Zohrabi; Adel rafiei
Volume 16, Issue 1 , August 2024, , Pages 109-128
Abstract
The present study examined compound words ending in the past stem "Gasht" in construction morphology. This research tried to describe the diachronic and synchronic of the semantic variations and the schematic system of the words resulting from this construction. The data included 202 compound words collected ...
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The present study examined compound words ending in the past stem "Gasht" in construction morphology. This research tried to describe the diachronic and synchronic of the semantic variations and the schematic system of the words resulting from this construction. The data included 202 compound words collected from diachronic and synchronic corpuses of the Persian language, dictionaries, and Google search engine. Descriptive-analytical method was used to to answer these questions: what are the systematic semantic variations of the compound words taken from the past stem "Gasht"? What is the superlative construction of compound words derived from the past stem "Gasht"? What are the variations of this construction in diachronic view? For this purpose, the extracted words were classified into four semantic categories based on their meaning. Then the main schema was determined. Diachronic studies showed that from this construction in the past centuries, the word "Golgasht" was created in a different meaning from what is used today. We also see changes in the functioning of this construction in the social media. By taking diachronic changes and describing the synchronicity of this construction, the schematic system of the construction [x- gasht] was obtained. In the schematic system of this construction, two productive constructions and two static constructions are evident.
Word construction
Kourosh Karimi; Arezoo Najafian; Razieh Mahdi Beyraghdar; Seyed Mohammad Hosseini-Maasoum
Volume 15, Issue 4 , March 2024, , Pages 107-137
Abstract
This study attempted to explore the hierarchical schematic system governing the formation of Sorani Kurdish exocentric nominal compounds to achieve their general meaning making model via the application of analytical-descriptive method based on Booij's (2010) construction morphology framework. In the ...
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This study attempted to explore the hierarchical schematic system governing the formation of Sorani Kurdish exocentric nominal compounds to achieve their general meaning making model via the application of analytical-descriptive method based on Booij's (2010) construction morphology framework. In the first phase of data collection, 1400 nominal compounds of Kurdish-Persian Dictionary of Hahnbane Burina (Sharafkandi, 1991) and Persian-Kurdish Dictionary of university of Kurdistan (2014). Data analysis phase initiated with the identification of exocentric nominal compounds of the corpus by making use of Scalise and Goyura's (2011) hyponymy test beside the judgement of two author of the study as native speakers of Sorani Kurdish. Finally, 842 instantiations or 60% were found to be exocentric. The results showed that Sorani Kurdish exocentric compounds dominated by one macro-schema, 12 second-order schemas, and 54 sub-schemas. The results can be counted as a proof for the fact that nominal compounds of this type neither in form nor in semantic specifications are in total agreement with constituting elements. In other words, the rupture of motivation and blockage of the relationship between form and meaning is not a general feature among all exocentric compounds, while instantiations of this type cover a wide range of words with less dark meaning to absolutely dark lexical items. Accordingly, some of the nominal compounds did not benefit from formal head while the output constructions fall under “noun” as their parts of speech; thus it is the schemas that are effective both in determination of formal and semantic characteristics manifested in the output.
Word construction
Saeed Akabri; Aazanin Amir Arjmandi; Marjan Taheri Oskuei; Mahnaz Karbalaei Sadegh
Volume 15, Issue 1 , May 2023, , Pages 1-22
Abstract
The present research investigates the productivity of nounmaker derivational suffixes in modern Persian language based on the theoretical framework of Plag(2003). For this purpose, the authors have selected 63 sources existing in the Persian Language databese (PLDB) which included 2/260/868 words and ...
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The present research investigates the productivity of nounmaker derivational suffixes in modern Persian language based on the theoretical framework of Plag(2003). For this purpose, the authors have selected 63 sources existing in the Persian Language databese (PLDB) which included 2/260/868 words and have extracted 3907derivative nouns with token frequency of 45779 derivative nouns. The method of the present research is descriptive-analytic and data collecting is corpus base. After the study of collected data of research, the authors have concluded that the quantitative method for measuring the productivity of word formation processes introduced by Plag (2003) is to count the outputs of a word formation process. Also, different methods of measuring the productivity rate of noun maker derivational suffixes offer different results. Analysis of the extracted data from the research corpus shows that among the noun maker derivational suffixes in Persian, (/-i/) has the highest productivity and these suffixes (/-ān/, /-ine/, /-iƷe/, /-un/, /-?orænʤǝn/, /-rænʤǝn/, /-ʃǝn/, /-gāle/) have the lowest productivity.
Word construction
Tahereh afshar; Ali Rohi
Volume 12, Issue 2 , December 2020, , Pages 1-32
Abstract
Morphology is one of the most basic parts of linguistics which studies the structure of words . The reduplication process is one of generative processes which in most known languages is a pattern for the production of new words. This study intends to investigate Lori-Dehlorani dialect in the perspective ...
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Morphology is one of the most basic parts of linguistics which studies the structure of words . The reduplication process is one of generative processes which in most known languages is a pattern for the production of new words. This study intends to investigate Lori-Dehlorani dialect in the perspective of reduplication based on the theory of iconicity. The iconicity in this research is studied semantically. The research method has been done using library-descriptive and field research. Using the interview and observation methods, the researchers collected and recorded the informations. Thus, the results of the studies were kept in appropriate tools and they were classified . The semantic and formal classification of reduplicates, which was over 234 cases, was performed in separate tables and their frequency was determined. Semantic classification Based on Rieger model was performed separately for plurality, repetition, baby, spread, intensity, continuation, affection, smallness, non-uniformity, lack of control, completion, contempt, attenuation, In addition, other widely used concepts related to the reduplications include: decrease, increase , distribution were used. Finally, the collected information has been carefully analyzed in order to investigate the issue of reduplication . The results showed that in Lori-Dehlorani dialect with the exception of the concept of plural, there are different types of iconic reduplications but the frequency of them is not the same. Thus, the concept of increase with a frequency of 51 items and the concepts of smallness and contempt each with a frequency of 2 items have the highest and lowest application rates, respectively.
Word construction
Parya Razmdideh; Sara Kheyrmand
Volume 12, Issue 2 , December 2020, , Pages 59-98
Abstract
“nɑme”-last complex words have rarely been examined in Persian morphology. In this study, examining the function of “nɑme” in the word-formation of Complex words which is embedded as a shared constituent, the polysemous patterns have been analyzed in the framework of construction ...
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“nɑme”-last complex words have rarely been examined in Persian morphology. In this study, examining the function of “nɑme” in the word-formation of Complex words which is embedded as a shared constituent, the polysemous patterns have been analyzed in the framework of construction morphology (Booij, 2010). To fulfill this purpose, 102 “nɑme”-last complex words have been gathered from 3 Persian dictionaries including Zansoo (1994), Sokhan (2003), and Dehkhoda (1999) which have been classified in 12 extensions of meaning, adopting generalized holistic constructional schema which govern less abstract subschemas as meaning extensions derived from conceptual mechanisms. Achievements depicted that image schemas, metonymy, and metaphor are the chief forces in getting “nɑme”, polysemous in the examined complex words. Additionally, the other possibilities such as bound meaning in terms of constructional idiom, hierarchical lexicon, and default inheritance contributed by construction morphology indicated that “nɑme”-last complex words are governed by the so-called constructional idiom as a kind of constructional schema in which a fixed lexical unit with bound meaning is embedded. This justifies how “nɑme” is positioned in the fuzzy boundary between compounding and derivation as a “affixoid” which is grammaticalizing.
