Seyed Mohammad Hosseini-Maasoum; Zahra Rezayee
Volume 7, Issue 12 , July 2015, Pages 1-27
Abstract
Autosegmental-metrical (AM) phonology distinguishes two types of accents (stresses), namely: lexical accent and pitch accent. The present study offers an acoustic analysis of the prosodic feature, pitch accent, in the Persian speech of Persian speakers who are fluent in English as a second language (English ...
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Autosegmental-metrical (AM) phonology distinguishes two types of accents (stresses), namely: lexical accent and pitch accent. The present study offers an acoustic analysis of the prosodic feature, pitch accent, in the Persian speech of Persian speakers who are fluent in English as a second language (English instructors). Language interference has often been dealt with as the effect of firs language on the second, but this paper deals with a reverse effect, that of the second language on the first, which has often been neglected. Thus, the accent patterns of Persian and English have been introduced and the Persian speech of Native Persian bilinguals has been analyzed from this point of view. Former studies have shown that English has leftmost accent pattern and Persian has rightmost accent pattern. The data were analyzed by means of PRAAT 5.3.71 and the accent pattern of the subjects was extracted in separate male and female groups. The results indicated a relative effect of the English accent pattern on the Persian speech of Persian bilinguals. The effect was found to be stronger in females.
zahra ekhtiari
Volume 7, Issue 12 , July 2015, Pages 29-47
Abstract
The people living in the historical village of Khanik in Gonabad City have a number of peculiarities in their speaking language. The dialect of the village, for a variety of natural and geographical factors such as enclosure and lack of immigration, has remained partially intact. A unique feature of ...
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The people living in the historical village of Khanik in Gonabad City have a number of peculiarities in their speaking language. The dialect of the village, for a variety of natural and geographical factors such as enclosure and lack of immigration, has remained partially intact. A unique feature of the Khanik dialect is the widespread use of a specific tense which has persisted from a long time ago. In this tense, we have the intention of doing something in the past, which has not been realized until the present time, but is expected to be completed in the future.
An example of this tense is a sentence like [ma:sta m boda bo boxoro m] (I had wanted to have eaten). This is called "future perfect" or "past in the future", which should not be confused with the "future in the past" described in some grammar books. Further, the application of some tenses unprecedented in Farsi language and structures that were only employed in the ancient texts is common in Khanik dialect.
This tense, recorded through interviews with the elderly and illiterate speakers of Khanik village, is presented based on the results of several articles on verbs in Khanik dialect and its comparison with historical and grammatical texts.
Fatemeh Kazemi Motlagh; Mahmoud Elyasi; Azam Estaji
Volume 7, Issue 12 , July 2015, Pages 49-78
Abstract
The paper aims at describing verbal tense system in the dialect of Adkan, a village in Khorasan-e Shomali Province in the northeast of Iran. It seems that this dialect is one of the Tati Dialects in the area. Since the main objective was to collect the oldest dialect, the data was gathered by interviewing ...
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The paper aims at describing verbal tense system in the dialect of Adkan, a village in Khorasan-e Shomali Province in the northeast of Iran. It seems that this dialect is one of the Tati Dialects in the area. Since the main objective was to collect the oldest dialect, the data was gathered by interviewing some educated and uneducated old and middle-aged speakers. This study which is the first systematic study on Adkan Dialect shows that it has a verbal tense system different from that of Standard Persian. This dialect lacks some of the tenses used in Standard Persian; besides, there are some verbal endings which are not common in Standard Persian.
Bashir Jam
Volume 7, Issue 12 , July 2015, Pages 79-100
Abstract
Hiatus is a situation in which there is no consonant between the nuclei of two adjacent syllables. It occurs when the left syllable lacks a coda while the right one lacks an onset. Hiatus occurs in underlying representation or at a level between underlying and phonetic representations. Its occurrence ...
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Hiatus is a situation in which there is no consonant between the nuclei of two adjacent syllables. It occurs when the left syllable lacks a coda while the right one lacks an onset. Hiatus occurs in underlying representation or at a level between underlying and phonetic representations. Its occurrence is expected in every language, but its resolution is obligatory in languages which require syllables to have onsets. Strategies such as intervocalic consonant insertion, vowel deletion, vowel coalescence, diphthong formation, and glide formation are usually used to resolve hiatus. In this research the conditions and possibilities of using each strategy in Persian are discussed. However, only those strategies which are employed in this language are analyzed using Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky, 1993/2004).The ultimate goal of this research is to come up with a single inclusive ranking of constraints which explains all the hiatus resolving strategies in Persian. The results section of this research includes ten facts about the processes and strategies used in resolving hiatus in Persian.
Fahimeh Nasib Zarraby; Mohammadreza Pahlavannezhad; Ali Mashhadi
Volume 7, Issue 12 , July 2015, Pages 101-120
Abstract
The spreading activation models of mental lexicon's structure have presented the lexicon in multiple layers (semantic- syntactic- phonological). Each layer is a network of nodes which are associated by links. The nature of these links is different from layer to layer. The literature for English speakers ...
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The spreading activation models of mental lexicon's structure have presented the lexicon in multiple layers (semantic- syntactic- phonological). Each layer is a network of nodes which are associated by links. The nature of these links is different from layer to layer. The literature for English speakers has shown that in the phonological layer, phonological forms of words have been linked based on phonological similarities and rhyme. In the present study, we have investigated the nature of the links in phonological layer in the Farsi speakers' mental lexicon based on a phonological priming experiment. 30 participants have taken part in the experiment. The result has shown that the phonological layer in Farsi speakers' mental lexicon is rhyme-oriented and phonological similarities has a less active role in making the links between the phonological forms of words.
atoosa rostambeik
Volume 7, Issue 12 , July 2015, Pages 121-145
Abstract
Goal: This study aims at analyzing and categorizing different grammatical errors including morpho-syntactic and syntactic errors in written narratives of mentally retarded students in Tehran. The frequencies of errors are compared among students in different grades. Method: Descriptive-Analytic method ...
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Goal: This study aims at analyzing and categorizing different grammatical errors including morpho-syntactic and syntactic errors in written narratives of mentally retarded students in Tehran. The frequencies of errors are compared among students in different grades. Method: Descriptive-Analytic method has been used. A test consisted of four picture stories have been administered to 125 students in elementary (3rd, 4th,5th grades) and pre-vocational (1st,2nd,3rd grades) levels studying at four schools for mentally retarded students according to systematic random sampling. Findings and Results: Number of clauses in the students’ naratives in different grades are as follows: third: 68, fourth: 424, fifth: 289, and in prevocational level: first:338, second: 413, third: 479. morpho-syntactic errors can be classified into wrong tense, mood, and aspect inflections, lack of verb-object agreement , and lack of noun-pronoun agreement while the first is the most frequent one. Syntactic errors are classified into inversion, deletion, insertion, substitution, and ungrammatical scrambling while deletion is the most frequent one. The frequency of grammatical errors decreases in secondary level comparing to elementary. Syntactic errors consists 51 percent and morho-syntactic 49 percent of the grammatical errors.
