Pragmatics
Mohammadreza Pahlavannezhad
Abstract
The present study reviewed Herman Cappelen and Ernest Lepore’s theory of Semantic Minimalism. This theory was proposed as a universal semantic theory in linguistics in 2005. In this article, the Semantic Minimalism theory was examined in Persian language and on the data of this language. By examining ...
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The present study reviewed Herman Cappelen and Ernest Lepore’s theory of Semantic Minimalism. This theory was proposed as a universal semantic theory in linguistics in 2005. In this article, the Semantic Minimalism theory was examined in Persian language and on the data of this language. By examining the criticisms raised by some experts, it can be seen that considering the nature of the theory that follows logical and mathematical languages, it is inefficient and unacceptable in the analysis of meaning in languages that are natural. In this article, the opinions of different experts regarding the Semantic Minimalism theory of Cappelen and Lepore were reviewed. Moreover, this study evaluated the strengths and weaknesses of the viewpoints of experts in this field of study. There are important objections to this theory. Some of the objections context displacement, incompleteness, and unchangeability of truth conditions.
Pragmatics
Elham Ziyayi; Azam Estaji; Atiyeh Kamyabi Gol
Abstract
Mathematical concepts including counting, comparing, and the spatial value of numbers is among the most fundamental fields that has many impacts on individuals’ life. In the process of counting, the child must retrieve the phonetic representations of numerical words. This is possible through phonological ...
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Mathematical concepts including counting, comparing, and the spatial value of numbers is among the most fundamental fields that has many impacts on individuals’ life. In the process of counting, the child must retrieve the phonetic representations of numerical words. This is possible through phonological working memory. This study attempted to study the impact of phonemic awareness training on the performance of female students in the second grade of elementary school in the area of mathematical concepts. So, the study was done on 140 second grade female students of Quchan elementary school in the Iranian academic year of 1401-1402 (2022-2023). Seventy students were selected as the control group and 70 students were selected as the experimental group. The experimental group was exposed to phonological awareness training during 10 sessions of 30-35 minutes. A pre-test and a post-test were conducted from both groups both in the phonological awareness and mathematical concepts. The results showed that teaching phonological awareness skills in mathematical concepts has a significant impact on female students in the second grade of elementary school. The results are in line with the results of other studies conducted in this field, but the different aspect of this research was the dividing of phonemic awareness skill based on age and just considering the field of mathematical concepts specifically. Only concepts was discussed in this study.
Pragmatics
Soheila Asgari; Faezeh Farazandehpour; Jamshid Gholamloo
Abstract
Nowadays, television programs are an inseparable part of life and animation has a special place in these programs, in such a way that the audience is unconsciously exposed and influenced by persuasive communication. The main goal of the current study is to investigate the techniques of persuasion in ...
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Nowadays, television programs are an inseparable part of life and animation has a special place in these programs, in such a way that the audience is unconsciously exposed and influenced by persuasive communication. The main goal of the current study is to investigate the techniques of persuasion in the construction of linguistic value concepts in the animation of Shekarestan, in which linguistic tools such as allegory and proverbs, which are intertextuality topics, are used to convey concepts and persuade the viewer. The current research, which is conducted on eight episodes of the animation of Shekarestan, is of a descriptive-analytical type, and its purpose is to present the results of the study of the representation of cultural values in Iranian animation to influence children's cognitive behavior. The findings revealed that in every part of Shekarestan, an attempt has been made to convey and induce the message to the audience by using specific discourse, cultural beliefs and various persuasion techniques. The results show that among the techniques of persuasion, topicalization, repetition, flattery, exaggeration, and explicit claims are more used to represent cultural values.
Pragmatics
Massoumeh Khodaei Moghaddam; Atiyeh Kamyabi Gol; Shahla Sharifi
Abstract
Textbook content evaluation based on a checklist is a widely common method for evaluating textbooks. This type of evaluation plays an effective role on preserving textbook quality. In this study, by applying a validated checklist- including 4 main categories of “physical features, design and layout”, ...
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Textbook content evaluation based on a checklist is a widely common method for evaluating textbooks. This type of evaluation plays an effective role on preserving textbook quality. In this study, by applying a validated checklist- including 4 main categories of “physical features, design and layout”, “skills and sub-skills”, “subject and content”, and “practical consideration”- two textbook series, namely, Amouzesh-e-novin-e zaban-e-Farsi (ANZF) and Amouzesh-e-Farsi-be-Farsi (AFBF) were analyzed and compared qualitatively. Based on the results, these textbooks were evaluated as ‘good’ and ‘very good’ in their physical features, design and layout, according to the instructors’ viewpoints, however the researchers evaluated them as partly-good due to some shortcomings such as lack of workbooks and teacher’s manuals. In the skills and sub-skills category, both series had fundamental problems; and to sum up, the ANZF series seem to be partly-weak and AFBF series seem to be highly-weak. In the category of ‘subject and content’, the ANZF series is evaluated as partly-good, and the AFBF series is evaluated as weak. In the category of ‘practical considerations’, the ANZF is evaluated as partly-good, and the AFBF is evaluated as partly-weak. Generally, the ANZF series was evaluated as partly good and AFBF was evaluated as weak.
Pragmatics
Bashir Jam
Abstract
Persian has borrowed numerous religious (Islamic) words and expressions from Arabic. However, a number of these words and expressions have undergone extension of meaning and/ or physical context. Extension of the physical context means that the original meaning and the physical context of some of these ...
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Persian has borrowed numerous religious (Islamic) words and expressions from Arabic. However, a number of these words and expressions have undergone extension of meaning and/ or physical context. Extension of the physical context means that the original meaning and the physical context of some of these words and expressions have not changed; rather they are used in other physical contexts in addition to their original contexts. The corpus under study includes religious words and expressions used in spoken Persian with or without extension of meaning and physical context. Identifying whether a word or an expression has undergone extension of meaning and physical context is based on the linguistic intuition of the author as a native speaker of Persian. This research presents several examples and discusses them within the framework of Relevance theory (Sperber & Wilson, 1986). In line with this theory, there exists a combination of knowledge, experiences and shared background cultural information about religious words and expressions in the mind of every Persian speaker. Using this combination, not only Persian speakers are aware of their original meanings and physical contexts but also they have access to their extended meanings and/ or physical contexts. In accordance with the Relevance theory, when a Persian speaker hears a religious word or expression s/he considers the physical context to evaluate it and then matches it with her/his background cultural knowledge in order to figure out if the speaker intended its original meaning or its extended meaning.
Pragmatics
Sara Askari Foorg
Abstract
AbstractIn the present study, we are going to examine two variables of age and gender in “complaint speech act” in Persian. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of gender and age on the use of complaint speech act and ultimately its analysis in Persian language society. ...
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AbstractIn the present study, we are going to examine two variables of age and gender in “complaint speech act” in Persian. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of gender and age on the use of complaint speech act and ultimately its analysis in Persian language society. To this end, 21 Persian films, from family genres, were selected. Discourses containing complaint speech act were transcribed in Persian films and the age and gender variables were reviewed. Trosborg model was used for data analysis. He divided complaint speech act into 5 categories(hint, disapproval, accusation, blame and treat) and 7 sub categories (annoyance, ill consequence, direct accusation, indirect accusation, modified blame, blame (person), blame(behavior)). Statistical analysis was used to analyze gender and age effects, and the results were plotted at the tables and charts for a closer look. Statistical analysis showed that men use more complaint speech acts than women. Also, Men use direct complaints and women use indirect complaints more. In the Persian-speaking community, the young age group is the biggest user of the complaint. It seems as the age goes higher, the less willingness to use complaint acts occurs. It should be noted that the elderly and middle age groups use more direct complaints than child and young age groups. People use the most direct complaints and the least indirect complaints in conversations with younger people.
Pragmatics
Sima Avazpour; Mahmoud BijanKhan
Abstract
In this paper phonological processes in pausal position of Qura’n are investigated in parallel optimality theory. Short vowels are deleted, disregarding their morphological and syntactical roles, such as indefinite morpheme /n/, nominal /u/ and genitive /i/ cases. The low vowel /a/ representing ...
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In this paper phonological processes in pausal position of Qura’n are investigated in parallel optimality theory. Short vowels are deleted, disregarding their morphological and syntactical roles, such as indefinite morpheme /n/, nominal /u/ and genitive /i/ cases. The low vowel /a/ representing accusative case resists to deletion due to high sonority and is lengthened and extended to the emptied adjacent mora. However, accusative case vowel is deleted in feminine nominatives, which is justified by the constraint that bans every type of suffixes after feminine one and is high ranked. In addition to deletion of indefinite and case morphemes, feminine suffix /t/ is debucalized and altered to [h] in female nominatives. According to this research, ranking of constraints prevents the appearance of light syllables in pausal position and deletion and lengthening processes happen to substitute heavy or superheavy syllables for light ones. ranking of constraints prevents the appearance of light syllables in pausal position and deletion and lengthening processes happen to substitute heavy or superheavy syllables for light ones.
Pragmatics
ُSeyed Anvar Asadi; Ebrahim Badakhshan; Adel Dastgoshadeh; Zaniar Naghshbandi
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the phenomenon of "naming businesses"in the city of Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran. Investigation of this phenomenon in the domain of businesses has been carried out cognitive-sociolinguistically. Content analysis is the method of doing the research, as well as the procedures ...
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The aim of this study is to explore the phenomenon of "naming businesses"in the city of Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran. Investigation of this phenomenon in the domain of businesses has been carried out cognitive-sociolinguistically. Content analysis is the method of doing the research, as well as the procedures and instrumentations of data are observational and documental. The population of the study included 3711 shops. The result of the study showed that: For business naming as a non-formal hyper domain the social nominating factors are business holders. It is the cultural and political atmosphere of the society which influences that domain. Most names regarding gender as a variable are selected based on human masculane names. Naming business in Sanandaj in celebrity sub-category has tendency towards contemporary celebrities and also it has tendency toward the local identity. Names derived from nature also belong to the plant subcategory. And conceptualization of choosing names seen in this domain is originated from metaphor of the cultural context and topology of the study area.
