Semantics
Sasan Maleki; Saman Maleki; Fatemeh Bakhtiari
Abstract
Conceptual metaphors could be used to concretely conceptualize the emotions and metonymies, to show the metonymy-based physiological effects and the behavioral reaction of the emotions. The following descriptive-phenomenological research aims at investigating the two cognitive mechanisms of metaphor ...
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Conceptual metaphors could be used to concretely conceptualize the emotions and metonymies, to show the metonymy-based physiological effects and the behavioral reaction of the emotions. The following descriptive-phenomenological research aims at investigating the two cognitive mechanisms of metaphor and metonymy in conceptualizing the emotion of fear. To this end, students of English Language and Literature at Malayer and Ilam Universities were asked to write about a past experience which caused them fear and describe their experience of fear. Findings showed that 16 metaphorical source domains and 24 metonymy-based physiological and behavioral reactions were used to conceptualize fear. Furthermore, it was found that ENEMY, DEATH, TRIP, HEARING THE SOUNDS and SUBSTANCE were the most frequent metaphorical source domains and COLDNESS, HEARTBEATING, CRYING and INABILITY TO MOVE were the most common bodily experience and behaviors to show the concept of fear. The result, most notably, showed that there were metaphor-metonymy, metaphor-metaphor, metonymy- metaphor and metonymy-metonymy interactions to conceptualize fear in the participants.
Discourse analysis
GhaderiTape Rasht Salim; Naser Hosini; Ardashir Sadraddini
Abstract
Cognitive linguistics, as one of the main categories of cognitive science, looks at language as a tool for discovering the structure of the human cognitive system. Cognitive semantics, as one of the basic fields of cognitive linguistics, has various theories such as image schemas, conceptual fusion, ...
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Cognitive linguistics, as one of the main categories of cognitive science, looks at language as a tool for discovering the structure of the human cognitive system. Cognitive semantics, as one of the basic fields of cognitive linguistics, has various theories such as image schemas, conceptual fusion, mental spaces, permission, and metaphor. The contemporary Arab and Iranian poets’ attention towards the romantic school is considered the starting point of transformation in contemporary poetry, and the romantics are among the leading groups whose efforts started the transformation of Arabic and Persian literature and producing works that fits the contemporary era. Although the number of these groups was small at the beginning and they mostly considered changes in the meaning of poetry, it didn't take long for their number to increase and in a short period of time, they changed the content and structure of contemporary Arabic and Persian poetry. This influence was so wide that between the two world wars, the most prominent Arab and Farsi-speaking poets who created universal works were followers of the romantic school. The connection between the world's social disorders and sadness, which is one of the main themes of romantic poetry, is one of the factors helping the expansion and permanence of this deep influence. An attempt was made in this study do a comparative study of linguistic romanticism in the poems of Ansi al-Haj and Houshang Ebtehaj. For this purpose, the concepts of cognitive linguistics and comparative criticism were used.
Psychology of language
Elham Sobati
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the metaphorical concepts of fear in the daily speech of sighted and blind adults in the linguocultural geography of Ilam. To this end, research data was gathered from 50 bilingual informants of this area in two subject groups including 25 ...
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The main purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the metaphorical concepts of fear in the daily speech of sighted and blind adults in the linguocultural geography of Ilam. To this end, research data was gathered from 50 bilingual informants of this area in two subject groups including 25 congenital blind aged 18-70 years, as the experimental group, and 25 individuals as their matched control group. To show how fear is metaphorically expressed in the speech of these two groups of people, in addition to the mappings, the most frequent source domains were also identified and introduced. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics methods in SPSS software. The results of the conceptual metaphors of emotions showed that, regarding the frequency of metaphors, there were no meaningful differences between the performance of the blind and the sighted adults. However, the frequency of the utilized sensory sources for the source domains of fear was different in the speech of the two groups, where the blind used the senses of taste and touch significantly more than the sighted people to express love (P<0.05). The comparison of the gathered data with the Kovecses source domains model (2002) showed that there was no perfect compatibility between the two groups with respect to the utilization of source domains for fear.
Pragmatics
ُSeyed Anvar Asadi; Ebrahim Badakhshan; Adel Dastgoshadeh; Zaniar Naghshbandi
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the phenomenon of "naming businesses"in the city of Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran. Investigation of this phenomenon in the domain of businesses has been carried out cognitive-sociolinguistically. Content analysis is the method of doing the research, as well as the procedures ...
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The aim of this study is to explore the phenomenon of "naming businesses"in the city of Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran. Investigation of this phenomenon in the domain of businesses has been carried out cognitive-sociolinguistically. Content analysis is the method of doing the research, as well as the procedures and instrumentations of data are observational and documental. The population of the study included 3711 shops. The result of the study showed that: For business naming as a non-formal hyper domain the social nominating factors are business holders. It is the cultural and political atmosphere of the society which influences that domain. Most names regarding gender as a variable are selected based on human masculane names. Naming business in Sanandaj in celebrity sub-category has tendency towards contemporary celebrities and also it has tendency toward the local identity. Names derived from nature also belong to the plant subcategory. And conceptualization of choosing names seen in this domain is originated from metaphor of the cultural context and topology of the study area.
Masoud Dehghan
Abstract
Motion is an event and mental schema that one experiences from birth and has a universal meaning. This study aimed at investigating the motion event in Kalhori Kurdish dialect based on the Talmy's Lexicalized Patterns Model. To this end, the typological position of Kalhori Kurdish was examined and analyzed ...
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Motion is an event and mental schema that one experiences from birth and has a universal meaning. This study aimed at investigating the motion event in Kalhori Kurdish dialect based on the Talmy's Lexicalized Patterns Model. To this end, the typological position of Kalhori Kurdish was examined and analyzed based on lexicalized patterns. The study is a descriptive-analytic study. One hundred and thirty motive verbs were collected through interview with Kurdish speakers. The authenticity of the verbs was confirmed by native speakers. The results showed that Kalhori Kurdish uses six conflation patterns, among which the patterns of Motion+Path and Motion+Co-Event have the most applied frequencies, and the other patterns used in this dialect, respectively, the pattern of motion, pattern of Motion+Co-Event+Figure, pattern of Motion+Path+Figure, pattern of Motion+Path+Co-Event have from the lowest to highest frequencies among the patterns. The results also indicate that in this Kurdish dialect, the current construction of verbs, both simple and non-simple, does not follow Talmy's Dual Typology, but the motive verbs in this dialect are both path like and manner like a way that it is part of equipollently-framed language.
