Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 PhD student of Persian language and literature, Islamic Azad University of Dezful
2 Associate Professor of Islamic Azad University, Dezful Branch, Dezful, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Dezful University, Dezful, Iran
Abstract
Archetype is one of the fundamental terms in Jung's psychology and is located in the individual and collective unconscious of mankind. One of the main manifestations of the human unconscious is art and literature. In the ancient Persian poetry, especially the epic poems Bahmannameh and Farammarznameh, archetypes such as Pir Dana have been reflected for the realization of specific purposes or goals, which have been investigated in the present research by referring to library sources and descriptive-analytical method.
This research is written in the field of epic literature and using Jung's psychology. For this purpose, the dreams mentioned in these two systems have been taken into consideration. The archetypal criticism of the mentioned works led to the discovery of the nature, characteristics and role of myths in the poetic worldview of the creators of the work. In a general view, it can be said that Pir Dana appears in the world of dreams as a vague character (like a bird) to the kings and heroes of the epic poems Bahman-nameh and Faramaraznameh and gives the road map to heroes such as Bahman, Rostam, Gershasab, Feridun, Kay Khosrow and Siavash shows that in this regard, we can refer to the dream of Shah Soor (the marriage of Bahman with Ketayun).
Also, sometimes Jamasb and Zal in the role of wise old man, in the world of sleep and wakefulness (familiar and obvious character), interprets the dreams of these famous warriors and separates the head from the nose; Therefore, Pir Dana has a familiar and vague identity. All in all, Pir Dana has had merciful, favorable and direct effects on the biases of the action of kings and heroes and changing the course of the epic.
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