Discourse analysis
Sajjad Bagheri; Ali Alizadeh
Volume 15, Issue 3 , December 2023
Abstract
The identity of women and the issues surrounding them are important these days in the global community; but due to some traditions and habits that govern the societies, this part of the society has always been considered as the second class. This way of looking at women's identity has also appeared in ...
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The identity of women and the issues surrounding them are important these days in the global community; but due to some traditions and habits that govern the societies, this part of the society has always been considered as the second class. This way of looking at women's identity has also appeared in fiction. Since the discourse analysis emphasizes the principle that the way of creating each discourse is rooted in the viewpoint and opinion of the creator of that discourse and the social conditions and beliefs of that period. In this thesis, considering the principles of Van Dijk's ideological square, the threefold function of discourse, as well as the discourse strategies used by the authors, the novels analyzed and examine at the levels of semantic, description, style, and reasoning. This research has been done on four famous Persian novels. The novels "Soovashoon" by Daneshvar, "I will turn off the lights" by Pirzad, "year of riot" by Maroufi., "Ahu Khanum’s husband" by Afghan. This research is of a qualitative type and is done in a descriptive-analytical way. In this research, according to the principles and common concepts in Van Dijk’s discourse analysis, and also through the examination of dialogues, presuppositions, description, interpretation, arguments and other discourse concepts, the formation of the identity of women in different social classes in the role of mother and wife and their efforts to prove their identity are shown, and as a result, three factors, including social behavior, educational behavior, and awareness raising as the main factors of representing woman's identity, flourish her independent identity.
Discourse analysis
ghaderiTape Rasht Salim; Naser hosini; Ardashir Sadraddini
Volume 15, Issue 3 , December 2023
Abstract
Cognitive linguistics, as one of the main branches of cognitive science, is an approach that looks at language as a tool to discover the structure of the human cognitive system. Cognitive semantics, as one of the basic fields of cognitive linguistics, has various theories such as image schemas, conceptual ...
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Cognitive linguistics, as one of the main branches of cognitive science, is an approach that looks at language as a tool to discover the structure of the human cognitive system. Cognitive semantics, as one of the basic fields of cognitive linguistics, has various theories such as image schemas, conceptual fusion, mental spaces, permission and metaphor.The trend of contemporary Arab and Iranian poets towards the romantic school is considered the starting point of the transformation in contemporary poetry, and the romantics are one of the leading groups whose efforts started the transformation of Arabic and Persian literature as well as its synchronization with the new era. Although the number of these groups was small at the beginning and they mostly considered changes in the meaning of poetry, but it didn't take long for their number to increase and in a short period of time, they changed the content and structure of contemporary Arabic and Persian poetry. This influence was so wide that between the two world wars, the most prominent Arab and Farsi-speaking poets who created universal works are followers of the romantic school.The connection between the world's social disorders and sadness, which is one of the main themes of romantic poetry, is one of the factors of the expansion and permanence of this deep influence. Thus, in the present research, an attempt is made to "comparative study of linguistic romanticism in the poems of Ansi al-Haj and Hoshang Ebtahaj". In this passage, the concepts of cognitive linguistics and comparative criticism are used.
Discourse analysis
Mohsen Azarpira; HamidReza Ardestani Rostami; Nasrollah Emami; Masoud Kheradmandpour
Volume 15, Issue 3 , December 2023
Abstract
Archetype is one of the fundamental terms in Jung's psychology and is located in the individual and collective unconscious of mankind. One of the main manifestations of the human unconscious is art and literature. In the ancient Persian poetry, especially the epic poems Bahmannameh and Farammarznameh, ...
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Archetype is one of the fundamental terms in Jung's psychology and is located in the individual and collective unconscious of mankind. One of the main manifestations of the human unconscious is art and literature. In the ancient Persian poetry, especially the epic poems Bahmannameh and Farammarznameh, archetypes such as Pir Dana have been reflected for the realization of specific purposes or goals, which have been investigated in the present research by referring to library sources and descriptive-analytical method.This research is written in the field of epic literature and using Jung's psychology. For this purpose, the dreams mentioned in these two systems have been taken into consideration. The archetypal criticism of the mentioned works led to the discovery of the nature, characteristics and role of myths in the poetic worldview of the creators of the work. In a general view, it can be said that Pir Dana appears in the world of dreams as a vague character (like a bird) to the kings and heroes of the epic poems Bahman-nameh and Faramaraznameh and gives the road map to heroes such as Bahman, Rostam, Gershasab, Feridun, Kay Khosrow and Siavash shows that in this regard, we can refer to the dream of Shah Soor (the marriage of Bahman with Ketayun).Also, sometimes Jamasb and Zal in the role of wise old man, in the world of sleep and wakefulness (familiar and obvious character), interprets the dreams of these famous warriors and separates the head from the nose; Therefore, Pir Dana has a familiar and vague identity. All in all, Pir Dana has had merciful, favorable and direct effects on the biases of the action of kings and heroes and changing the course of the epic.
Discourse analysis
Shahin Nasiri; Mustafa Yegani; Ardashir Sadraddini
Volume 15, Issue 2 , September 2023, , Pages 153-179
Abstract
A structural view of literary works by examining the elements within the text and discovering their pattern of connection, provides a more appropriate context for the nature of literature, and by providing techniques for creating superior literary works can help to develop patterns of literary work processing. ...
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A structural view of literary works by examining the elements within the text and discovering their pattern of connection, provides a more appropriate context for the nature of literature, and by providing techniques for creating superior literary works can help to develop patterns of literary work processing. Thus, in order to study the structure and content of the text of Al-Bashir ibn Salameh's four novels, it is necessary to first extract its outline, and then analyze it. In the analysis of the novel to the original design, the elements and texts of the novels are as important as the participation in the chain of events and their role in constructing the climaxes. The power of a realistic novel like the ones mentioned above lies in the number of complete sequences and how the arrangement and causal relationship is established between them. The number of main sequences usually depends on the number of story climaxes. Each character plays a role throughout the novel with several sequences, but not all of them play a central role in creating the main structure of the story. Thus, the present research has been done by descriptive-analytical method with the aim of explaining and criticizing the content of Al-Bashir Ibn Salameh's four novels. One of the achievements of this research is that "Al-Bashir Ibn Salameh" by using the technique of description and its various methods and tools, in addition to succeeding in conveying the content and emotions and inner states of the novel characters to the reader, well him in the course of events. Has placed the novel and presented a very tangible picture of the atmosphere of the novel.
Discourse analysis
Hossein Bazoubandi; Ali Hajikhani
Volume 15, Issue 1 , May 2023, , Pages 23-52
Abstract
In discourse analysis discipline, the analysis of research articles genre in recent decades has attracted special attention. In the meantime, studying the introduction of a research article, which serves as a roadmap and preview for understanding the next sections of the article, as well as a very important ...
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In discourse analysis discipline, the analysis of research articles genre in recent decades has attracted special attention. In the meantime, studying the introduction of a research article, which serves as a roadmap and preview for understanding the next sections of the article, as well as a very important criterion for evaluating the whole article, has enjoyed the most genre-based analysis in most academic and specialized disciplines. However, the field of Quran and Hadith sciences is one of the genres that there is no study upon the introduction of its research articles within the genre-based discourse analysis. Therefore, the present article, using a descriptive-analytical method based on the Swales' model (2004) deals with the rhetorical structured and communicative moves in the introduction of 80 research articles published during the year from 1395 to 1399 in prestigious research journals in the field of Quran and Hadith sciences. In fact, this study, within genre analysis focusing on the genre moves of the article introductions has got two main functions: first, how the authors of research articles in the field of the Quran and Hadith sciences introduce their work in the introduction and to what extent do they follow the criteria for writing a good introduction based on a theoretical research model? And the second goal is to what extent in this particular genre, we will see variation in journals of a single field. The results of the present study, which can be both useful for improving the quality of the authors' research article introductions and for evaluating this particular genre by research journals reviewers, indicate that some authors of this genre are not sufficiently aware of the genre structure and rhetorical communicative moves is the article introductions, which has led to a complete lack of compliance with the theoretical model of the research.
Discourse analysis
Hossein Ial Arefi; Seyed Ali Akbar Shariatifar; Ali Eshghi Sardehi
Volume 15, Issue 1 , May 2023, , Pages 197-222
Abstract
Literature, especially contemporary poetry, is a reflection of images and social concepts of its era. Although these images are brief or scattered; but with consideration and accuracy and by being together, it conveys the various manifestations of social issues and a deep analysis of society and literary ...
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Literature, especially contemporary poetry, is a reflection of images and social concepts of its era. Although these images are brief or scattered; but with consideration and accuracy and by being together, it conveys the various manifestations of social issues and a deep analysis of society and literary works to the reader. This article tries to provide the basis for a better understanding of the reflected image of women in the works of these two contemporary poets, while comparing the image of women in the poems of Ahmad Shamlou and Hushang Ebtehaj, using a descriptive - analytical method and collecting poetic documents. The aim of emphasizing on social concepts is in response to the main issue of what effect social changes and transformations have on poets' mind and consciousness to describe various phenomena, including women. As in the poems of Shamlou and Hushang Ebtehaj, their descriptions of women have emerged and appeared unique due to social concepts such as freedom, anti-oppression and love of humankind. The results of the research show that Shamlou was more comprehensive than Ebtehaj in his descriptions of women under the influence of social concepts.
Discourse analysis
Shiva Ahmadi; Mohammad Bagher Mirzaei Hesarian
Volume 14, Issue 4 , March 2023, , Pages 197-227
Abstract
Conversation analysis is one of the important areas in linguistics that investigates real conversations and examines them from different aspects; One of the important topics in conversational analysis is turn taking, which determines who and when with what linguistic and non-verbal cues to give or receive ...
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Conversation analysis is one of the important areas in linguistics that investigates real conversations and examines them from different aspects; One of the important topics in conversational analysis is turn taking, which determines who and when with what linguistic and non-verbal cues to give or receive a turn. The aim of the current study is to analyze the representation of the turn-taking system in the dialogues of the PARFA collection with descriptive-analytical method. 11 techniques proposed by Sacks et al. (1974) and Jefferson (1973) were used for data analysis. The review of 98 conversations in the three volume of PARFA showed that in 75% of the turn-taking cases, the speaker decided to give up his turn and in the remaining 25%, self-turning took place. In assigning the turn to speak, the "question and answer" technique had a very large share and the two techniques of "emphasizing questions and apologies" had a very small and almost zero percent share in turn assignment. In the topic of taking turns, the technique of "expressing the opinion at the right time" had a very high contribution and the technique of "predicting the end of the speaker's speech" had a zero percent contribution. No particular order was observed in the relative use of turn-taking and self-turning techniques in introductory, intermediate and advanced level books. In general, it seems that speech turn taking system is generally represented in the PARFA, but there are some differences in it with the natural turn taking system of Persian speakers.
Discourse analysis
Ziba Malekzadeh Dilmaghani; Naser Naseri Tazehshahri; Shahryar Hasanzadeh
Volume 14, Issue 3 , December 2022, , Pages 171-191
Abstract
Humanism" is a philosophical and literary school that is considered to have originated in ancient Greece. This school respects the value and status of man and makes him the measure of everything. The culmination of the manifestation of humanism in the Middle Ages was a new way of confronting the tyranny ...
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Humanism" is a philosophical and literary school that is considered to have originated in ancient Greece. This school respects the value and status of man and makes him the measure of everything. The culmination of the manifestation of humanism in the Middle Ages was a new way of confronting the tyranny of the medieval churches. Freedom, autonomy, self-leadership, self-knowledge and recognition of different dimensions of human talents are among the important topics that are emphasized in this school. Undoubtedly, mysticism has something in common with humanism. The novel The Other Day of the Shura draws society's attention to realities that are far removed from our view. It is an attempt to enlighten the minds towards humanism and the value of one's position. The quest for identity is rippling through his novel. The main question of this research, then, is with what linguistic manifestations humanism is reflected in the novel The Other Day of the Council. In this research, the novel of the other day of the council is tried in humanistic principles and thoughts, according to rationalism, individualism, humanism, freedom, human relations, human value and dignity, will, naturalism, commitment, non-restriction to specific geography and perfection. Orientation etc. be examined. The result of this research, which has been done in a descriptive-analytical way, indicates that the principles of humanism, critique of tradition and struggle with ignorance and superstition, human relations, will and freedom, naturalism, tolerance, rationalism and commitment within the framework and Observed throughout the novel.
Discourse analysis
Freshteh Naseri
Volume 14, Issue 2 , July 2022, , Pages 155-179
Abstract
Poetry discourse analysis allows the reader to become aware of the poet's worldview, ideas, beliefs and mental imagery. This issue is doubly evident in relation to Shiite and Ashura poetry, which is often based on the emphasis on the positive pole of the "self" and the marginalization of the negative ...
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Poetry discourse analysis allows the reader to become aware of the poet's worldview, ideas, beliefs and mental imagery. This issue is doubly evident in relation to Shiite and Ashura poetry, which is often based on the emphasis on the positive pole of the "self" and the marginalization of the negative pole of the "other." The composition of Mohtasham Kashani is one of the masterpieces of Persian literature in which the bipolar system of emphasis and marginalization plays an essential role in shaping its discourse. Since this work was formed in response to the oppression that was inflicted on Imam Hussein (AS) and those around him in the event of Ashura; Thus, its text becomes a linguistic network in which the identity of the "self" is highlighted and the identity of the "other" is marginalized due to the interpretive dimension of the signs and the esteemed awareness of the power of language and levels of discourse. In the present study, an attempt is made to investigate the discourse system of Mohtasham's composition by relying on descriptive-analytical method and by referring to Vandic's theory of critical discourse analysis. The horizontal section of compositional discourse shows that the marginalization of another identity is the prominent pole of compositionalization (61%), which is reinforced by vertical sections that include levels of meaning, propositional structure, grammar, and reasoning.
Discourse analysis
tavagh ghaldi ghalshahi
Volume 14, Issue 1 , April 2022, , Pages 29-67
Abstract
Comparative literature is one of the valuable and useful parts of literature and informs us about the influence of other nations' literatures and enables the development and cultural and literary exchange between nations. A comparison of the literature of two nations, which are different in terms of ...
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Comparative literature is one of the valuable and useful parts of literature and informs us about the influence of other nations' literatures and enables the development and cultural and literary exchange between nations. A comparison of the literature of two nations, which are different in terms of language and political geography, leads to the discovery of common literary ideas and developments and shows how much the two poets, in spite of linguistic and geographical differences, are in style. And the content is similar and what are the similarities and intellectual and spiritual similarities. In this research, the works, poems and thoughts of two contemporary and new Iranian and Turkmen poets, Nimayoshij and Karim Ghorban Nafs, have been studied and compared. These two poets, despite their linguistic and geographical differences and without being aware of each other's poems, have many similarities in different dimensions of thought and poetry due to having the same political, cultural and social backgrounds and time situations. To the extent that in addition to similarities in thought and content, there are many similarities in their linguistic structure and expressions and artistic views. Demonstrating the common ideas of these two poets can pave the way for similar comparative research, because so far no research has been done on comparing and comparing the works and ideas of Iranian poets with contemporary Turkmen poets. This research, based on the division and comparative view of "François Just" has sought a comparative analysis of the works and ideas of these two poets.
Discourse analysis
Somaye Shokati Moqarab; Jalal Rahimian
Volume 14, Issue 1 , April 2022, , Pages 209-232
Abstract
This study is about to find how conceptual metaphors help in drawing identity borders and attaining legitimacy. So, the semantic system of conceptual metaphor (Kováces, 2010) and the components of myth and social imagination (derived from Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse theory, 2001) make ...
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This study is about to find how conceptual metaphors help in drawing identity borders and attaining legitimacy. So, the semantic system of conceptual metaphor (Kováces, 2010) and the components of myth and social imagination (derived from Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse theory, 2001) make the theoretical framework of the research to find how the semantic system affect reaching general legitimation. To answer the research question, Joe Biden’s speech in his inaugural ceremony in 20 Jan. 2021 is used as the case study. Based on the findings, metaphor provides a cognitive framework for expressing ideological ideas. Each metaphor in this discourse foregrounds a concept and backgrounds the alternative ones. The president conceptualizes the USA as “America is human” metaphor to accompany the nation, and avoid the party-based views. As a result, metaphor is a tool for avoiding clear border-makings, foregrounding concepts, and representing different views according to conceptual domains. Though using metaphor, discourses can turn to a discourse having the least out groups and the most in groups in a country. Therefore, conceptual metaphor provides a base for creating an ideal space for myth-making. Through such tools, Biden tried to capture a discourse trying to attract the attention of the most and avoid rejecting the potential groups.
Discourse analysis
Vida Sabzevari Bidokhti; Saeed Roozbahani; Abolghassem Amirahmadi; Mohammad Davoudi
Volume 13, Issue 2 , February 2022, , Pages 137-166
Abstract
In Toulmin's theory of argumentation, each argument may have six components: 1) claim, 2) data, 3) warrant, 4) backings (for the warrant), 5) rebuttal (of the claim), and 6) qualifiers (of the speaker’s certainty), of which the first three are essential and the rest are optional. Based on his theory, ...
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In Toulmin's theory of argumentation, each argument may have six components: 1) claim, 2) data, 3) warrant, 4) backings (for the warrant), 5) rebuttal (of the claim), and 6) qualifiers (of the speaker’s certainty), of which the first three are essential and the rest are optional. Based on his theory, this descriptive-analytic research aims to analyze 4 selected poems of the religious/ethical collection of Wheatley (1773) from three aspects: (a) identifying Wheatley’s warrants, (b) categorizing her claims and their grounds, and (c) her tone and certainty. Consequently, the following results were obtained; Wheatley’s claims and recommendations in selected poems were rewritten in simplified language, free from figures of speech, which varied greatly in proportion to the number of selected poems. However, these claims can be categorized under these related fields: (a) individual ethics, (b) governmental-political ethics, and (c) theology. Since most of these claims are prescriptive, Wheatley can be categorized as a deontologist. In addition, supporting the claims, numerous warrants were identified mostly rational and implicitly-asserted.Although she tends to use a conservative voice by resorting to prays, rhetoric questions, exclamations and hyperboles while addressing her recommendations to elites and high-ranked people, she prefers a declarative voice which essentially does not need any qualifiers. In sum, Wheatley has a strong, assertive and consistent voice in the selected poems.
Discourse analysis
Hossein Lal Arefi; Ali Akbar Shariatifar; Ali Eshghi Sardehi
Volume 13, Issue 1 , December 2021, , Pages 167-190
Abstract
Relatively good research on conceptual metaphor has been done so far in political, media and literary texts. In the present study, a conceptual metaphor has been studied in poetic texts. The main questions of the research are: What is the role of conceptual metaphor in constructing and selecting metaphors ...
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Relatively good research on conceptual metaphor has been done so far in political, media and literary texts. In the present study, a conceptual metaphor has been studied in poetic texts. The main questions of the research are: What is the role of conceptual metaphor in constructing and selecting metaphors in Shamloo and Naderpour poems? Can it be accepted that metaphor is a tool to represent certain concepts such as gender in these poems? In this study, data are extracted from the poems of Ahmad Shamloo and Naderpour and analyzed based on the conceptual metaphor theory of Likaf and Johnson. The results show that there are different concepts including gender concepts in Shamloo and Naderpour poems, but the degree of sexuality in Shamloo poems is much more than Naderpour poems because the semantic context of war in the conceptual metaphors of Shamloo poems is more than Naderpour's poems. Therefore, the results indicate that the effective factors in constructing and selecting metaphors in gender poems are the poet's attitude and thought, his feelings and the social atmosphere of the poets' time, and of course the gender factor plays an important role in constructing and selecting metaphors.
Discourse analysis
Maryam Sadat Hejazi; Sayyedeh Rozatian; Zohreh Najafi
Volume 12, Issue 1 , January 2021, , Pages 327-354
Abstract
Rhetorical structure theory is a scientific approach that has emerged in the field of linguistic-computational.It also seeks to use the most appropriate way to deliver a message by advertising agents of goods/services, and in addition to providing techniques to strengthen business texts in discovering ...
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Rhetorical structure theory is a scientific approach that has emerged in the field of linguistic-computational.It also seeks to use the most appropriate way to deliver a message by advertising agents of goods/services, and in addition to providing techniques to strengthen business texts in discovering hidden relationships in commercial. The present study aims to study the content of268 sample context of commercials in eight topics, during one year of Green Family Magazine, Success and Iran Newspaper .we study the relations between the text components of commercials in the context of rhetorical structure theory and what effect it and drawing tree diagrams. The results of this study the contextof commercials studied by the research, relations such as “elaboration”,“joint”,“background”,“enablement”,“solutionhood”, and “evidence”.“Elaboration” has the most frequency Percentage. Then “enablement” has the greatest share. Subsequent relationships depend on the subject of commercials. By using “Elaboration”, “enablement”, and “evidence” relations, the author aims to engage the reader with the nucleus content, using the complementary section which is satellite.
Discourse analysis
zahra hosseini; raha zareifard
Volume 12, Issue 2 , December 2020, , Pages 33-58
Abstract
The use of metadiscourse is very important in investigating texts and discourses. Metadiscourse is a kind of discourse which reveals the relationships between the writer (speaker) with the text (discourse) and also the audience. There are many kinds of metadiscourse; the interactional metadiscourse is ...
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The use of metadiscourse is very important in investigating texts and discourses. Metadiscourse is a kind of discourse which reveals the relationships between the writer (speaker) with the text (discourse) and also the audience. There are many kinds of metadiscourse; the interactional metadiscourse is one vital kind. This research aims at investigating interactional metadiscourse in Nahjolbalaghe based on Hyland (2005). First the text analysed carefully and all kinds of interactional metadiscourse categorized based on forms and functions. Then these categories analyzed quantitatively. The results of this research reveal that Imam Ali used all kinds of interactional metadiscourse skillfully. He used engagement markers for connecting to the audience manipulating different functions such as warning, blaming and encouraging. Self- mentions have been used to deny his negative traits and prove his transcendent qualities. Hedges have been used rarely.He has applied boosters for emphasizing his stability. Attitude markers with almost negative connotations have also manipulated to represent the attitude of Imam Ali towards his audience.Key terms: Nahjolbalaghe, interactional metadiscourse, engagement markers, Boosters, attitude markers, self-mentions, hedges.
Discourse analysis
azam estaji
Volume 12, Issue 2 , December 2020, , Pages 177-202
Abstract
A suicide note is any kind of text that is left behind before a person commits suicide or intends to commit suicide. These texts have been analyzed by linguists and psychologists among others to get a better understanding of the suicide act. The present paper first reviews how these notes have been analyzed ...
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A suicide note is any kind of text that is left behind before a person commits suicide or intends to commit suicide. These texts have been analyzed by linguists and psychologists among others to get a better understanding of the suicide act. The present paper first reviews how these notes have been analyzed . In the second part of the paper, four Farsi suicide notes are presented and based on Prokofyeva (2013) are analyzed. According to her, a clear statement of reasoning should be present in genuine suicide notes either with a direct statement or an implied one. The ‘clear statement’ of why the suicide takes place is an integral part of almost every genuine suicide note Prokofyeva (2013) examined, as it is an aim of its author to explain why such a decision has been made. As for the structure of suicide notes, each note consists of the following components: a- Form of address (more often someone specific) b - Introduction) c- Culmination/body ( d - Conclusion/closing words (farewell; signature; post-scriptum; ). The analysis of Farsi notes which vary between 5 to18 words, shows that all of them state clearly the reason for committing suicide and express their last feelings (the first note expresses anger and puts the blame on someone, the second note expresses relief and forgiveness while the last one expresses hatred.) Considering the four components of a note, the first note which is very short, only has the introduction component. Other notes which are longer, have three components: introduction, body, conclusion or form of address. The ‘clear statement’ of why the suicide takes place is common to all the short notes analyzed. This paper emphasizes on the need to build a corpus of Farsi suicide notes for future studies in this interdisciplinary area.
