Semantics
Mahmood Naghizadeh
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 24 December 2024
Abstract
Abstract
Dynamical systems approach provides a theoretical framework for describing metaphor in face-to-face conversation and rests on the idea that metaphor is not static mapping between domains; it is considered as a temporary stability that emerges from the interaction of interconnected systems of ...
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Abstract
Dynamical systems approach provides a theoretical framework for describing metaphor in face-to-face conversation and rests on the idea that metaphor is not static mapping between domains; it is considered as a temporary stability that emerges from the interaction of interconnected systems of social use and cognitive activities in language. Drawing on dynamical system approach, the present paper sets out to study creating and understanding systematic metaphors in election debates in Persian. This is a descriptive-analytical study and data were collected by observing debates for Iran parliament election in 1402. Results indicate that in creating metaphor as a self-organized process, embodied aspects of repeated biological experience such as FAR-NEAR (get far from topic) and primary metaphors like PERSISTENCE IS REMAINING ERECT(GHAD ALAM KARDAN, to stand upright) are considered as points of equilibrium and basins for the emergence of metaphorical utterances. Furthermore, different vehicle terms (gambling, right) were used to conceptualize the same topic (election). This variety in conceptualization might lead to different understanding and reasoning of the world and various unpredictable metaphorical expressions (phase change). Finally, creating conceptual metaphors (Sistan as a dying human being), force schema (SANGIN KARDAN TARH, to overload a parliament bill) and novel metaphorical expressions (TAGHDIM KADU BE MOKHALEFIN, giving gifts to the opposition or rival candidates) together with cultural components and contextual-cognitive elements may be considered as the basin for creating metaphor that are activated in nonlinear patterns and in different temporal and social scales.
Semantics
Fatemeh Hashemizadeh; Arman Bakhtiary
Volume 16, Issue 3 , December 2024, , Pages 1-19
Abstract
Text M150 is a Manichaean manuscript in early new Persian language of the Berlin academy of sciences. Müller in the same year of deciphering Manichaean script in 1904 read more sections of the texts and released it. Most of its parts are damaged and contain many Arabic words. This text contains a Sogdian ...
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Text M150 is a Manichaean manuscript in early new Persian language of the Berlin academy of sciences. Müller in the same year of deciphering Manichaean script in 1904 read more sections of the texts and released it. Most of its parts are damaged and contain many Arabic words. This text contains a Sogdian Manichaean calendar in the first half of the fourth century. This text entails some names of the zoroastrian days, but the names of planets and constellations are Arabic. In this article is this lunar solar calendar of fourth century transcripted and translated and is given with the explanations and notes.
Semantics
Seyed Mohammad Hosseini Maasoum; Marjan Akbari
Volume 16, Issue 2 , November 2024, , Pages 82-55
Abstract
Discourse semiotics is a discipline that carries out a process study of language. This discipline considers the sign as the source and meaning as the goal of its work. Semiotics chooses discourse as its field of work. Since literature is one of the examples of dynamic discourses, discourse semiotics ...
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Discourse semiotics is a discipline that carries out a process study of language. This discipline considers the sign as the source and meaning as the goal of its work. Semiotics chooses discourse as its field of work. Since literature is one of the examples of dynamic discourses, discourse semiotics aims to discover hidden semantic spaces by examining the elements involved in these discourses and the relationships between these elements. This research used the discourse-semiotic approach to investigate the process of meaning generation in the narrative elements of Zal and Rudabeh of Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh. The results indicated that the actional subject wants to have a child in order to gain value and eliminate the disadvantage. However, amending this shortcoming causes the first tension and challenge in the course of the narrative. The subject tries to solve the challenge by abandoning the albino baby, which is incompatible with social norms, but the abandonment of the child poses more challenges to the main character and even other narrative actors. The abandonment of the child in this narrative provides the possibility of the degeneration of meaning. In the meantime, what keeps the process of meaning-making going is the transformation of the actional subject into a sensible subject and the change of the narrative space into a sensory-perceptive space. Thus, Ferdowsi continues the meaning-making flow by using emotional solutions and applying semantic systems such as action, sensation, existence, imagination, and myth.
Semantics
Seyed Asghar Musavi; Akbar Shabani; batul fakhreslam; parvin dokht mashhoor
Volume 15, Issue 4 , March 2024, , Pages 51-73
Abstract
Semiotics is studies the sign systems, the process of interpretation, the meaning and the truth hidden behind the codes, signs and symbols. This knowledge has considerable applications and functions in various areas of human relations. Literature, including children's literature is one of the most important ...
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Semiotics is studies the sign systems, the process of interpretation, the meaning and the truth hidden behind the codes, signs and symbols. This knowledge has considerable applications and functions in various areas of human relations. Literature, including children's literature is one of the most important of these areas. Using Roland Barrett's views, this study tried to analyze the children's poems of Salman Harati with an analytical-descriptive method. The results showed that Harati's poems, due to such issues as reference to various fields of natural and ideological elements, pristine, simple and intimate nature, outstanding temporal and spatial coordinates, and social themes and idealistic discourse, is able to produce various codes, and consequently various meanings and interpretations. Although these characteristics are directly related to the readers’ abilities, they show that when assessed by the interpretation mechanisms of codes and analysis of other semiotic elements, his poems have a structured and thoughtful semantic structure. The action and effect of the logic of conversationalism in his poetry is another factor that provides the reader with space and the possibility of reproducing content in the process of innertext and outertext interpretations. The narrative in Harati’s poetry, as an integration factor of vertical axis, has produced a variety of codes. This process, with regard to the remarkable manifestation of the codes of narrative, hermeneutic and symbolic action, demonstrates the narrative capacity and the signifier nature of his poetry. Meta-examplar implications in Harati’s poems cause objective and clear associations and effectively involve metatext in the interpretation and analysis of signs.
Semantics
Arash Aghabozorgian Masoumkhani; Maryam Iraji
Volume 14, Issue 3 , December 2022, , Pages 67-95
Abstract
In this research, we have studied Simin Behbahani’s poetry on basis of conceptual metaphor theory in which extending, elaborating, questioning and composing devices are employed to create novel metaphors from the conventional materials of everyday language and thought. Then, qualitative characteristics ...
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In this research, we have studied Simin Behbahani’s poetry on basis of conceptual metaphor theory in which extending, elaborating, questioning and composing devices are employed to create novel metaphors from the conventional materials of everyday language and thought. Then, qualitative characteristics of conceptual blending theory have been investigated as a complementary perspective to explain the subject more comprehensively. The results show separate and simultaneous usage of metaphorical creativity devices were used by Simin Behbahani in different samples. The analysis of these samples base on conceptual blending theory determines separate networks in a text with same information in some aspects and contradictory concepts in the other aspects. On the other hand, we can have blended spaces that are the result of networks in background and these spaces reflect some concepts into both input spaces of the other network in foreground simultaneously. It is also possible to consider the existence of a blending network on basis of three inputs. In general, the conceptual blending theory, based on individual landscape perception from common thought and cohesion of concepts in mind and immediate linguistic context, would specify the motivations of intertwined metaphorical concepts in poetry.
Semantics
Eshrat Ishanagha; Mohammad Fazeli; Mohammadali Sharifian
Volume 14, Issue 3 , December 2022, , Pages 119-140
Abstract
Attar's use of images and the creation of various and creative images is one of the features that allows his works to be analyzed for common discourse analysis. In his works, Attar has used imagery to express the themes and terms of judgment and philosophy more effectively in creating beauty. The images ...
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Attar's use of images and the creation of various and creative images is one of the features that allows his works to be analyzed for common discourse analysis. In his works, Attar has used imagery to express the themes and terms of judgment and philosophy more effectively in creating beauty. The images in Attar's works serve to expand the concepts in the story and add to the beauty and ambiguity in the text, so it is necessary to examine them in a methodical way. Attar's view of the image is beyond the literary system and is also a worldview. He believes that the world is an image of the true beauty, which reflects all the beauties of the beloved, and it is easy to see the qualities of the true beauty in the world and creatures. Using visual semiotics, this research has investigated the codes in the images used in Attar's Masnavis. At the beginning of the process, some images are studied and the features of the visual system in the images are checked as much as possible, and in the next step, the implied meanings are checked and pointed out, so that the role of the images in creating beauty and completing the conceptual discourse desired by Attar be revealed in his works.
Semantics
Reza Kazemian; Somayeh Hatamzadeh
Volume 14, Issue 2 , July 2022, , Pages 127-153
Abstract
With the emergence of Covid-19 in 2020 metaphorical conceptualization of coronavirus has been the focus of several investigations into the role of the cognitive system in understanding a novel, unknown and mysterious concept. However, previous research ignored the role of other operations of conceptualization ...
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With the emergence of Covid-19 in 2020 metaphorical conceptualization of coronavirus has been the focus of several investigations into the role of the cognitive system in understanding a novel, unknown and mysterious concept. However, previous research ignored the role of other operations of conceptualization such as force-dynamics (FD), which seems to be a foregrounded element in the thinking of coronavirus. Grounding on Kövecses’s combined model of conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) and FD, this study seeks to reveal the substantial role of FD in interpreting the metaphors framing Covid-19. The present study sets out to determine if there is any constant correlation between CMT (Lakoff & Johnson, 1989) and FD (Talmy, 2000) to gain a deep understanding of Covid-19 metaphors. In doing so, the current paper used the findings of the previous research, revealing source domains, through which conceptualization became possible. The source domains that gain attention in this study include WAR, FIRE, NATURAL FORCE, and WILD ANIMAL, all imbued with some degree of force. Our findings provide a solid evidence base to highlight the close relationship between CMT and FD and contribute to a better understanding of metaphorical expressions of coronavirus by illuminating the role of force entities and their tendencies.
Semantics
Morteza Dastlan
Volume 13, Issue 2 , February 2022, , Pages 285-306
Abstract
Idiomatic expressions are groups of words whose meanings are not simply predictable by knowing their constituent vocabulary and grammar. This paper studies a specific kind of idioms from the viewpoint of cognitive semantics and on the basis of Fillmore et al's typology of idiomatic expressions (1988) ...
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Idiomatic expressions are groups of words whose meanings are not simply predictable by knowing their constituent vocabulary and grammar. This paper studies a specific kind of idioms from the viewpoint of cognitive semantics and on the basis of Fillmore et al's typology of idiomatic expressions (1988) and Goossens' opinions on metaphtonymy (1990), in order to determine the function of metaphtonymy in semantic structure of idiomatic expressions. Metaphtonymy is the output of simultaneous presence of metaphor and metonymy and their mutual interaction in the semantic structure of an utterance. The studied idioms are selected from popular body expressions with familiar lexical items within familiar grammatical patterns with substantive structure. In this study, two basic findings are obtained: First, beside metaphor and metonymy, metaphtonymy is also frequent in the semantic structure of body idioms. Second, the metaphtonymies in these idioms are of the type "metonymy within metaphor" in which the metonym is inside the metaphor i.e. the metaphor paves the way for the appearance of metonymy. These findings can be dealt with in a bottom-up approach in which a metaphor primarily conceptualizes the abstract function or property of an organ of the body in terms of a concrete conceptual domain; then, within that metaphor, an appropriate metonym replaces that abstract function or property with the name of the attributed organ. In this way, an absolutely abstract concept in the bottom is developed into an overall concrete concept.
Semantics
Maryam Golshan; Shamsolhajieh Ardalani; Seyyed jafar Hamidi
Volume 13, Issue 1 , December 2021, , Pages 191-212
Abstract
Narratology is a subject that has been studied in the past decades by the likes of Tzutan Todorov, Norman Friedman, Jaap Linolette, Gerald Press, Stansel, and Gerard. For nearly forty decades, this category, as an independent science in the West, has opened its place and from the point of view of structuralists, ...
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Narratology is a subject that has been studied in the past decades by the likes of Tzutan Todorov, Norman Friedman, Jaap Linolette, Gerald Press, Stansel, and Gerard. For nearly forty decades, this category, as an independent science in the West, has opened its place and from the point of view of structuralists, studies the nature, form and role of narrative and tries to show the ability and understanding of the narrative text. According to many scholars, the French general Georges has made the most complete theories in this field. The point of view or the focus of the narrative is the subject that the writer or narrator chooses to look at his story. His precise views and coherent views about the center of narrative have such a capacity that with the help of his narrative model, various literary texts can be examined and a new perspective can be opened on them. In this research, using a descriptive-analytical method, narrative techniques in the novel of mountain leopards by Amin Faqiri based on the theory of the center of narrative of the general agent will be examined.
Semantics
Belqeis Rovshan; Hamideh Bonyadi
Volume 12, Issue 1 , January 2021, , Pages 277-304
Abstract
Cognitive sociolinguistics is a new attitude in linguistics that has appeared from the interaction of two approaches of social linguistics and cognitive linguistics and its purpose is to study the cognitive socio dimensions in daily use of language. This is a descriptive-analytical study and the purpose ...
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Cognitive sociolinguistics is a new attitude in linguistics that has appeared from the interaction of two approaches of social linguistics and cognitive linguistics and its purpose is to study the cognitive socio dimensions in daily use of language. This is a descriptive-analytical study and the purpose is to analyze the Eightth Persian textbook of Junior Secondary School (Akbari Sheldereh, 1397) based on cognitive sociolinguistics. In this study the unit of analysis was "sentence" and all of the texts were examined. From among the 1200 sentences existing in the book, all sentences (500) containing image schemas were extracted while availing from Johnsons’ 1987 research. From among these (500) sentences, the ones (170 cases) containing social variables were determined and finally the interaction of image schemas and social varriables were analyzed (quantitative and qualitative) and repersented. 320 cases of image schemas and 240 cases of social variables have participated in this interaction.The results indicate that the image schemas of "force", "content", "path" and "process" and the social variables of "religion and religion attitude", "culture" and "solidarity" had the most participation in two approaches of cognitive linguistics and sociolinguistics interaction. Although, the use of more than 500 metaphorical sentences indicates that the authors of this book have paid attention to the growth of youth creativity and abstract thinking; but according to the %34 interaction of metaphorical sentences and social variables, the authors believe that the cognitive sociolinguistics approach is not presented enough. The other finding indicates that the more image schemas than social variables make the complex conceptual structure in the sentence; of course, the opposite is true. Creating a sense of sincerity with the high use of "solidarity" variable, gender discrimination and introducing Iranian-Islamic culture in the metaphorical structures are the other findings of this study.
Semantics
mojtaba pordel
Volume 12, Issue 2 , December 2020, , Pages 281-315
Abstract
The Poems written by Garoos Abdolmalekian have been among successful Blank-Verse Persian poetry over the last two decades – selling well and numerous reprints testify to this claim, as well as recent translations of his poetry selections into English, French, Swedish, Arabic, Turkish and Kurdish. ...
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The Poems written by Garoos Abdolmalekian have been among successful Blank-Verse Persian poetry over the last two decades – selling well and numerous reprints testify to this claim, as well as recent translations of his poetry selections into English, French, Swedish, Arabic, Turkish and Kurdish. By employing the Conceptual Blending Theory proposed by Fauconnier and Turner (2002) and the conceptual means it provides for analyzing creative literary texts, the present work, with a hint at the theories of the nature of poetry, aims at a scientific, systematic investigation of the reasons lying behind this success. What comes through this process reveals that Abdolmalekian's work, owing to his use of novel imagery in his poems, enjoys a high degree of literary creativity, and consequently a high esthetic value. Analyzed in terms of the Conceptual Blending Theory, these images are resultant from an employment of hyperblends and double-scope integration networks as well as a rich variety of vital relationships. Moreover, observance of the governing or optimality principles in setting up blends and integration networks, which makes his poems, while having a high creativity degree, not deter his readers from approaching his poetry, thus contributing to the esthetic appeal of his work, which has a share in hid overall literary success.
