Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 PhD Candidate in Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Dezful Branch, Dezful, Iran
2 Associate Professor in Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Dezful Branch, Dezful, Iran
3 Professor in Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Andimeshk Branch, Dezful, Iran
Abstract
Archetype is one of the fundamental terms in Jung's psychology and is located in the individual and collective unconscious of mankind. One of the main places of the manifestation of human unconscious is art and literature. In the ancient Persian poetry, especially the epic poems Bahmannameh and Farammarznameh, archetypes such as Pir Dana (the old wise) have been reflected for the realization of specific purposes or goals, which have been investigated in the present research by referring to library sources and descriptive-analytical method. This study was done in the field of epic literature using Jung's psychology. For this purpose, the dreams mentioned in these two works were taken into consideration. The archetypal criticism of the mentioned works led to the discovery of the nature, characteristics and role of myths in the poetic worldview of the creators of the work. It can be said that Pir Dana appears in the world of dreams as a vague character (like a bird) to the kings and heroes of the epic poems Bahmannameh and Faramaraznameh and gives the road map to heroes such as Bahman, Rostam, Garshasp, Fereidoun, Key Khosrow and Siavash. Moreover, sometimes Jamasb and Zal in the role of wise old man, in the world of sleep and wakefulness (familiar and obvious character), interpret the dreams of these famous warriors and separate the head from the nose; Therefore, Pir Dana has a familiar and vague identity. Generally, Pir Dana has had merciful, favorable and direct impact on the biases of the action of kings and heroes and had changed the course of the epic.
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